Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Alimentary System > GI Immunology > Flashcards

GI Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

antigen processing in the GI tract - define an effective immune response

A

elimination or control of infections, allergic and noxious agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epithelial layer of the gut tube

A

specialised tight junctions that regulate permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucus layer of the gut tube

A

physical barrier keeping microbes from host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

innate immune response in the gut tube. What does it do?

A

senses bacteria + anti-microbial peptides + IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

soluble mediators of immunity in the gut tube

A

chemokine and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

immune cell responses

innate cells

A

granulocyte (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)

mast cell

monocyte

dendritic cell

macrophage

natural killer cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

immune cell responses

adaptive cells

A

CD4+ T cell (memory)

CD8+ T cell (memory)

B cell (memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T cell subsets have an important role in

A

maintaining immune homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are payers patches?

A

a major organised lymphoid structure in the gut

large numbers of immune cells within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

payers patches are important for

A

immune response to commensal bacteria (tolerance) and pathogens (active immunity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are macrophages

A

they are phagocytic and they ingest and kill foreign micro-organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

macrophages are the first line of defence in the

A

gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

macrophages secrete

A

cytokines (eg IL-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dendritic cells are important in

A

mucosal immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

different dendritic cell subsets give rise to

A

distinct T cell responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

different dendritic cell subsets are distinguished by

A

cell markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lamina propria and dendritic cells are important for

A

directing the function of T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

APC

A

antigen presenting cells

19
Q

dendritic cells undergo maturation into potent what?

A

antigen presenting cells (APC)

20
Q

dendritic cell maturation involves:

A

altered antigen uptake and presentation

increases expression of co-stimulatoru molecules

production of cytokines

21
Q

Naive T cells functions as

A

effector cells and effector functions

22
Q

3 signals that determine T cell response

A

MHC/peptide TCR

CD80 - CD28

cytokine

23
Q

gut homeostasis is regulated by the balance between T ….. cells and T ….. cells

A

helper

regulatory

24
Q

innate immune system is induced upon

A

infection with microbes

25
Q

innate immune system is based on the recognition of

A

pathogen associated molecular patterns

26
Q

adaptive immune system is induced upon

A

infection by specialised pathogens

27
Q

the adaptive immune system is based on the recognition of

A

specific antigens presented by professional antigen presenting cells (eg dendritic cells)

28
Q

adaptive immune response is carried out mainly by

A

effector cells (mainly T and B cells)

29
Q

dendritic subsets and macrophages have an important role in

A

driving T cell differentiation (Th1 or Tregs)

30
Q

what happens what normal immune homeostasis goes wrong?

A

IBD

coeliac disease

31
Q

In IBD there is a dysbiosis in

A

microbial communities

32
Q

dysbiosis of microbiota

A

leaky epithelial barrier

disordered, perpetual innate and adaptive immune response

33
Q

Treatment strategies for IBD. What do we target?

A

lymphocytes directly

single cytokines

migration of immune cells to GI mucosa

multiple cytokines

cytokine intracellular signalling pathways

modulation of microbiota

34
Q

A new drug therapy involves targeting the migration of immune cells to the GI mucosa. The aim is to block the migration of….. to the intestinal mucosal

A

leucocytes

35
Q

New ‘biologics’ the IBD arena include:

A

vedolizumab

ustekinumab

Tofactinib

36
Q

IBD involves what of the gut microbiota?

A

dysbiosis

37
Q

dysbiosis

A

microbial imbalance or maladaption of microbiota

38
Q

Coeliac disease is an inflammatory disorder of the

A

small bowel

39
Q

coeliac disease is an intolerance to what?

A

dietary gluten in wheat and similar proteins

40
Q

symptoms of coeliac disease

A

iron deficiency anaemia

fatigue

abdominal pain

loose stool

41
Q

genetic susceptibility to ceoliac disease is linked to…

A

HLA-DQ2/8 on antigen presenting cells

42
Q

celiac disease (histology) results in changes to the

A

gut mucosa

43
Q

what changes occur in the gut mucosa due to celiac disease?

A

loss of villi (loss of absorptive capacity)

increase in intra-epithelial lymphocytes

Year 2 - Alimentary System (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions