Colorectal Surgery Flashcards
what type of muscle lines the colon and rectum?
smooth
colon and rectum are line by what type of cell?
specialised epithelium
what kind of nerve supply supplies the colon and rectum?
enteric nerve supply
Main functions of the rectum and colon
fluid and electrolyte balance
waste management
continence
microbe related
surgical problems of inflammation
ulcerative colitis
chron’s disease
surgical problems of degeneration
diverticular disease
surgical problems involving abnormal function of colon and rectum can be due to
constipation
incontinence
IBD
hirschsprungs disease
birth defect in which nerves from a part of the intestine are missing
what do patients complain of in rectum and colon problems?
change in bowel habits
or consistence
bleeding
pain
non-intestinal manifestations
visceral pain refers to pain receptors in the
smooth muscle
afferent impulses in the colon and rectum run with what?
sympathetic fibres accompanying segmental vessels
Low risk features of rectal bleeding
transient symptoms (less than 6 weeks)
rectal bleeding with anal symptoms
patient under 40 years old
high risk features of rectal bleeding
persistent change in bowel habit (less than 6 weeks)
persistant rectal bleeding withOUT anal symptoms
right sided abdominal mass
palpable rectal mass
unexplained iron deficiency anaemia
investigations if high risk features of rectal bleeding occur
visualisation of large bowel
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
CT colonography
investigations of rectal and colon issues
endoscopy
contrast imaging
cross sectional imaging
MRI
