McEwan - nutrient digestion

Question 1

6 primary dietary constituents

Answer 1

carbs

protein

fat

vitamin

water

minerals

Question 2

3 monosaccarides

Answer 2

glucose

galactose

fructose

Question 3

carb digestion is the breakdown of products of complex

Answer 3

CHOs which are absorbed by the small intestine

Question 4

disaccharide are two

Answer 4

monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond

Question 5

lactase breakdown lactose into

Answer 5

glucose and galactose

Question 6

sucrase is an enzymes that breakdown sucrose into

Answer 6

glucose and fructose

Question 7

maltase is an enzymes that breakdown maltose into

Answer 7

glucose and glucose

Question 8

what is alpha amylase?

Answer 8

glucose linked in straight chains

Question 9

glucose monomers are linked by ……. bonds and are hydrolysed by ………

Answer 9

alpha,1-4 glycosidic bonds

amylase (pancreatic and salivary)

Question 10

enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides is by

such as cellulose, starch, glycogen

Answer 10

alpha amylase

Question 11

proteins are polymers of ……. linked together by …….

Answer 11

amino acids

peptide bonds

Question 12

small proteins that are 3-10 amino acids in length are often called

Answer 12

peptides

Question 13

enzymes which hydrolyse peptide bonds and reduce proteins or peptides to amino acids are called

Answer 13

proteases or peptidases

Question 14

all fat digestion occurs in the ……. by ………

Answer 14

small intestine

pancreatic lipase

Question 15

triglycerol broken down by lipase is converted into

Answer 15

monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids

Question 16

emulsification

Answer 16

Dividing large lipid droplets into smaller droplets

Question 17

emulsification requires

Answer 17

small droplets

emulsifying agent (prevent small back to big droplets)

smooth muscle contraction

biles salts

Question 18

absorption of lipase is enhanced by the formation of

Answer 18

micelles

Question 19

micelle is made up of 4 agents:

Answer 19

bile salt

monoglycerides

fatty acids

phospholipids

Question 20

micelle breakdown involves the release of…

Answer 20

small amounts of free fatty acids and monoglycerides into solution (diffusion across plasma membrane of absorbing cells)

Question 21

after entering epithelial cell, fatty acids and monoglycerides then enter the ………… where they are reformed into ………….

(by enzymes in the SER)

Answer 21

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

triacyglycerols

Question 22

extracellular fat droplets are called

Answer 22

chylomicrons

Question 23

chylomicrons pass into lacteals between

Answer 23

epithelial cells

Question 24

fat droplets journey through the

Answer 24

lumen of intestinal tract

epithelial cells

lacteal

Question 25

two types of vitamins

Answer 25

fat soluble and water soluble

Question 26

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 26

A, D, E, K

Question 27

water soluble vitamins

Answer 27

B, C and folic acid

Question 28

B12 deficiency can lead to

Answer 28

pernicious anaemia

Question 29

10% of daily ingested iron is absorbed across the ….. into the ……

Answer 29

intestine

blood

Question 30

iron ions are incorporated into

Answer 30

ferritin

an intracellular iron store

Question 31

unbound iron is transported across the serosal membrane into the

Answer 31

blood

Question 32

hyperaemia in increased levels of

Answer 32

ferritin (more iron bound in enterocytes - therefore not in blood)

Question 33

anaemia is decreased levels of

Answer 33

ferritin (more iron released into blood)

Question 34

disaccharide’s are broken down into monomers by

Answer 34

brush border enzymes in the small intestine