McEwan - nutrient digestion Flashcards

1
Q

6 primary dietary constituents

A

carbs

protein

fat

vitamin

water

minerals

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2
Q

3 monosaccarides

A

glucose

galactose

fructose

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3
Q

carb digestion is the breakdown of products of complex

A

CHOs which are absorbed by the small intestine

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4
Q

disaccharide are two

A

monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond

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5
Q

lactase breakdown lactose into

A

glucose and galactose

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6
Q

sucrase is an enzymes that breakdown sucrose into

A

glucose and fructose

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7
Q

maltase is an enzymes that breakdown maltose into

A

glucose and glucose

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8
Q

what is alpha amylase?

A

glucose linked in straight chains

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9
Q

glucose monomers are linked by ……. bonds and are hydrolysed by ………

A

alpha,1-4 glycosidic bonds

amylase (pancreatic and salivary)

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10
Q

enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides is by

such as cellulose, starch, glycogen

A

alpha amylase

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11
Q

proteins are polymers of ……. linked together by …….

A

amino acids

peptide bonds

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12
Q

small proteins that are 3-10 amino acids in length are often called

A

peptides

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13
Q

enzymes which hydrolyse peptide bonds and reduce proteins or peptides to amino acids are called

A

proteases or peptidases

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14
Q

all fat digestion occurs in the ……. by ………

A

small intestine

pancreatic lipase

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15
Q

triglycerol broken down by lipase is converted into

A

monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids

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16
Q

emulsification

A

Dividing large lipid droplets into smaller droplets

17
Q

emulsification requires

A

small droplets

emulsifying agent (prevent small back to big droplets)

smooth muscle contraction

biles salts

18
Q

absorption of lipase is enhanced by the formation of

A

micelles

19
Q

micelle is made up of 4 agents:

A

bile salt

monoglycerides

fatty acids

phospholipids

20
Q

micelle breakdown involves the release of…

A

small amounts of free fatty acids and monoglycerides into solution (diffusion across plasma membrane of absorbing cells)

21
Q

after entering epithelial cell, fatty acids and monoglycerides then enter the ………… where they are reformed into ………….

(by enzymes in the SER)

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

triacyglycerols

22
Q

extracellular fat droplets are called

A

chylomicrons

23
Q

chylomicrons pass into lacteals between

A

epithelial cells

24
Q

fat droplets journey through the

A

lumen of intestinal tract

epithelial cells

lacteal

25
Q

two types of vitamins

A

fat soluble and water soluble

26
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

27
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B, C and folic acid

28
Q

B12 deficiency can lead to

A

pernicious anaemia

29
Q

10% of daily ingested iron is absorbed across the ….. into the ……

A

intestine

blood

30
Q

iron ions are incorporated into

A

ferritin

an intracellular iron store

31
Q

unbound iron is transported across the serosal membrane into the

A

blood

32
Q

hyperaemia in increased levels of

A

ferritin (more iron bound in enterocytes - therefore not in blood)

33
Q

anaemia is decreased levels of

A

ferritin (more iron released into blood)

34
Q

disaccharide’s are broken down into monomers by

A

brush border enzymes in the small intestine