Colorectal cancer Flashcards
risk factors for colorectal cancer
diet
male
lack of exercise
diabetes
obesity
smoking
age
previous adenoma
95% of all colorectal cancers are
adenocarcinomas
1% of colorectal cancers are a direct result of
IBD
the majority of colorectal cancer arise from…
pre -existing polyps
2 main histological types of polyp
tubular
villous
adenomas are ….. in origin
epithelial
Colorectal cancer presentation
rectal bleeding
altered bowel movements
iron deficiency anaemia
palpable rectal or right lower abdominal mass
colonic obstruction
weight loss/anorexia
colorectal cancer investigation
colonoscopy (biopsy)
polypectomy
radiology (barium enema)
CT colonography
MRI and PET scan can be used to determine staging
colorectal cancer treatment
surgery
laparotomy
stoma formation (colostomy)
chemo and radiotherapy
laparotomy
a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, for diagnosis or in preparation for major surgery
radiotherapy is used in ……. cancer only
rectal
2 methods of palliative care for advanced colorectal cancer
chemotherapy
colonic stenting to prevent colonic obstruction
5 tests for population screening of colorectal cancer
colonoscopy
CT colonography
faecal occult blood test (FOBT)
faecal immunochemical test (FIT)
flexible sigmoidoscopy
what method of screening does the Scottish bowel screening programme use
FOBT
faecal occult blood test
3 heritable conditions that can lead to colorectal cancers
FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis)
HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer)
IBD
