alimentary tract pathology

Question 1

is the small bowel intraperitoneal?

Answer 1

NO

retroperitoneal

Question 2

is the rectum retroperitoneal?

Answer 2

no

extraperitoneal

Question 3

small bowel histology 3 cell types

Answer 3

goblet cells

columnar absorptive cells

endocrine cells

Question 4

does the small bowel have crypts?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

large bowel histology is flat therefore there are no ……. they have ……

Answer 5

villi

crypts

Question 6

both the small and large bowel peristalsis is mediated by intrinsic (…………) and extrinsic (………) neural control

Answer 6

myenteric plexus

autonomic innervation

Question 7

myenteric plexus (or Auerbach plexus) is found

Answer 7

between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis propria

Question 8

meissener’s plexus is found at the

Answer 8

base of the submucosa

Question 9

types of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 9

ulcerative colitis

chrons disease

ischaemic colitis

radiation colitis

appendicitis

Question 10

aetiology of IBD is the strong immune response to

Answer 10

normal flora with defects in the epithelial barrier function in genetically susceptible individuals

Question 11

Chrons disease is a gene mutations on which gene?

Answer 11

NOD2

Question 12

HLA associations in?

Answer 12

ulcerative colitis

Question 13

Ulcerative colitis pathology

Answer 13

large bowel ONLY

continuous pattern of inflammation

pseudoplyps

ulceration

Question 14

chrons disease pathology

Answer 14

granular seroa (dull grey)

mesentery is thickened

narrowing of lumen

sharp demarcation of disease segments from adjacent normal tissue

Question 15

chrons histology

Answer 15

cryptitis and crypt abcesses

architectural distrotion

transmural inflammation

NON-CASEATING GRANULOMAS

fibrosis

Question 16

long term feature of chrons

Answer 16

small intestine malabsorption

strictures

fistulas and abscesses

perforation

increased risk of cancer

Question 17

predisposing conditions for ischaemia

Answer 17

arterial thrombosis

arterial embolism

non-occlusive ischaemia

Question 18

what part of the large intestine is vulnerable in acute ischaemia?

Answer 18

splenic flexure

Question 19

acute ischaemia histology includes

Answer 19

oedema

interstitial haemorrhages

necrosis of mucosal outlines

vascualr dilatation

Question 20

chronic ichaemia leads to the development of…

Answer 20

mucosal inflammation

ulceration

submucosal inflammation

fibrosis

stricture

Question 21

Radiation colitis

Answer 21

Abdominal irradiation can impair the normal proliferative activity of the small and large bowel epithelium

Question 22

symptoms of radiation colitis

Answer 22

anorexia

abdominal cramps

diarrhoea

malabsorption

Question 23

radiation colitis histology

Answer 23

bizarre cellular changes

inflammation of crypt abscess

lateral-arterial stenosis

ulceration

haemorrhage

Question 24

appendicitis can cause an increase in intraluminal….

Answer 24

pressure

which can lead to ischaemia

Question 25

appendicitis histology

Answer 25

abcess

inflammation in wall and pus in lumen

necrosis

Question 26

3 types of adenoma (‘polyps’)

Answer 26

tubular

villous

tubulovillous

Question 27

low grade dysplasia in an adenoma allows for…

Answer 27

increased nuclear numbers

increased nuclear size

reduced mucin

Question 28

high grade dysplasia in an adenoma allows for….

Answer 28

carcinoma in situ

crowded

very irregular

not yet invasive

Question 29

right sided colorectal adenocarcinoma can lead to…

Answer 29

anaemia

vague pain

weakness

obstruction

Question 30

left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma can lead to..

Answer 30

annular (napkin ring legion)

bleeding

altered bowel movements

obstruction