alimentary tract pathology Flashcards
is the small bowel intraperitoneal?
NO
retroperitoneal
is the rectum retroperitoneal?
no
extraperitoneal
small bowel histology 3 cell types
goblet cells
columnar absorptive cells
endocrine cells
does the small bowel have crypts?
yes
large bowel histology is flat therefore there are no ……. they have ……
villi
crypts
both the small and large bowel peristalsis is mediated by intrinsic (…………) and extrinsic (………) neural control
myenteric plexus
autonomic innervation
myenteric plexus (or Auerbach plexus) is found
between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis propria
meissener’s plexus is found at the
base of the submucosa
types of inflammatory bowel disease
ulcerative colitis
chrons disease
ischaemic colitis
radiation colitis
appendicitis
aetiology of IBD is the strong immune response to
normal flora with defects in the epithelial barrier function in genetically susceptible individuals
Chrons disease is a gene mutations on which gene?
NOD2
HLA associations in?
ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis pathology
large bowel ONLY
continuous pattern of inflammation
pseudoplyps
ulceration
chrons disease pathology
granular seroa (dull grey)
mesentery is thickened
narrowing of lumen
sharp demarcation of disease segments from adjacent normal tissue
chrons histology
cryptitis and crypt abcesses
architectural distrotion
transmural inflammation
NON-CASEATING GRANULOMAS
fibrosis
long term feature of chrons
small intestine malabsorption
strictures
fistulas and abscesses
perforation
increased risk of cancer
predisposing conditions for ischaemia
arterial thrombosis
arterial embolism
non-occlusive ischaemia
what part of the large intestine is vulnerable in acute ischaemia?
splenic flexure
acute ischaemia histology includes
oedema
interstitial haemorrhages
necrosis of mucosal outlines
vascualr dilatation
chronic ichaemia leads to the development of…
mucosal inflammation
ulceration
submucosal inflammation
fibrosis
stricture
Radiation colitis
Abdominal irradiation can impair the normal proliferative activity of the small and large bowel epithelium
symptoms of radiation colitis
anorexia
abdominal cramps
diarrhoea
malabsorption
radiation colitis histology
bizarre cellular changes
inflammation of crypt abscess
lateral-arterial stenosis
ulceration
haemorrhage
appendicitis can cause an increase in intraluminal….
pressure
which can lead to ischaemia
appendicitis histology
abcess
inflammation in wall and pus in lumen
necrosis
3 types of adenoma (‘polyps’)
tubular
villous
tubulovillous
low grade dysplasia in an adenoma allows for…
increased nuclear numbers
increased nuclear size
reduced mucin
high grade dysplasia in an adenoma allows for….
carcinoma in situ
crowded
very irregular
not yet invasive
right sided colorectal adenocarcinoma can lead to…
anaemia
vague pain
weakness
obstruction
left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma can lead to..
annular (napkin ring legion)
bleeding
altered bowel movements
obstruction
