Grand tour of the alimentary canal

Question 1

4 main functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

digestion

secretion

absorption

motility

Question 2

function of the pancreas is to generate and secrete

Answer 2

digestive enzymes for the digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Question 3

function of the liver creates

Answer 3

biles salts for digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine

Question 4

gall bladder function

Answer 4

stores and concentrates bile

Question 5

small intestine function

Answer 5

the final stage of chemical digestion

nutrient absorption

Question 6

large intestine function

Answer 6

water absorption

bacterial fermentation

formation of faeces

Question 7

dumping syndrome

Answer 7

too many molecules in the gut tube - making it expand

Question 8

4 distinctive layers of the gut tube

Answer 8

mucosa

submucosa

muscularis externa

serosa/adventitia

Question 9

3 layers of the mucosa

Answer 9

epithelium

lamina propria

muscularis muscosae

Question 10

submucosa is much ….. than lamina propria

Answer 10

thicker

since it is made up of connective tissue

Question 11

submucosa is where the

Answer 11

nerves and blood vessels enter

Question 12

myenteric plexus

Answer 12

controls motility

Question 13

the oesophagus and first part of the duodenum are the only 2 parts that contain

Answer 13

glands

Question 14

what type of epithelium is in the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

Answer 14

stratified squamous

Question 15

what type of epithelium is in the stomach, small and large intestine?

Answer 15

simple columnar

Question 16

mucosa epithelium allows for the synthesis and secretion of….?

Answer 16

digestive enzymes

hormones

mucus

Question 17

lamina propria (in the mucosa layer) is made up of what?

Answer 17

loose connective tissue (glands, blood/ lymph vessels)

Question 18

muscularis mucosae (part of the mucosa layer) is made up of what?

Answer 18

thin smooth muscle.

Question 19

submucosa is made up of…?

Answer 19

thick, irregular, connective tissue

Question 20

submucosa function is to

Answer 20

support the mucosa

Question 21

submucosa contains

Answer 21

neurons

blood vessels

lymphatic vessels

Question 22

neurones in the submucosa form an extensive network called the…?

Answer 22

submucosal (meissners) plexus

parasympathetic

Question 23

submucosal glands can be found in the ?

Answer 23

oesophagus and duodenum

Question 24

what is the serosa/adventitia in the gut tube?

Answer 24

connective tissue of the outer layer of the alimentary canal

Question 25

outside the peritoneal cavity the adventitia attaches the …?

Answer 25

oesophagus and rectum to surround structures

Question 26

inside the peritoneal cavity the serosa surrounds the

Answer 26

stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Question 27

muscularis externa

Answer 27

two concentric thick layers of smooth muscles

has an inner and an outer layer

Question 28

inner layer of the muscularis external is a

Answer 28

circular muscle that constricts the lumen

Question 29

outer layer of the muscularis external is a

Answer 29

longitudinal muscle that shortens the tube

Question 30

peristalsis

Answer 30

a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract

Question 31

muscularis externa produces motility by

Answer 31

peristalsis and segmentation

Question 32

muscularis externa has a………..between its circular an longitudinal muscles

Answer 32

myenteric plexus

Question 33

the submucosal and the myenteric plexuses together creates the?

Answer 33

enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 34

the enteric nervous system controls allows the gut to

Answer 34

control its own function

Question 35

automatic control of alimentary function is by the

Answer 35

long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

Question 36

parasympathetic control of alimentary function is by the

Answer 36

vagus nerve

except salivation which is by facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

Question 37

parasympathetic control of the alimentary system is STIMULATORY - therefore there is an increase in

Answer 37

motility and secretion

REST AND DIGEST

Question 38

sympathetic control of the alimentary system is INHIBITORY - therefore there is a decrease in

Answer 38

motility and secretion

Question 39

sympathetic control of the alimentary system is by the

Answer 39

splanchnic nerve

except salivation

Question 40

the celiac trunk supplies which organs?

Answer 40

stomach

small intestine

pancreas

liver

Question 41

the superior mesenteric artery supplies which organs?

Answer 41

small intestine

caecum

ascending colon

transverse colon

Question 42

the inferior mesenteric artery supplies which organs?

Answer 42

descending colon

sigmoid colon

rectum

Question 43

the liver and the gut are in…..

Answer 43

series

the liver acts as a filter

Question 44

the gastric veins, splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein all drain into?

Answer 44

hepatic portal vein

Question 45

the hepatic portal vein drains into the

Answer 45

hepatic vein

Question 46

the hepatic vein drains into the

Answer 46

inferior vena cava