Small intestine

Question 1

duodenum functions (3)

Answer 1

gastric acid neutralisation

digestion

iron absorption

Question 2

Jejunum function

Answer 2

nutrient absorption

Question 3

Ileum function

Answer 3

NaCl/H20 absorption (chyme dehydration)

Question 4

chyme

Answer 4

the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food

Question 5

a villus cell in the intestine absorbs:

Answer 5

NaCl

monosaccarides

amino acids

peptides

fats

vitamins

minerals

water

Question 6

crypt cells in the intestine secretes

Answer 6

Cl and water

Question 7

Glucose, galactose, amino acids and nucleosides are transported via what mechanism?

Answer 7

Na+ coupled secondary active transport

Question 8

how much water does the intestine secrete each day?

Answer 8

1500ml

Question 9

water secretion in the intestine comes from …….. cells lining

Answer 9

crypts of liberkuhn

Question 10

water is secreted passively as a consequence of

Answer 10

active secretion of chloride into the intestinal lumen

Question 11

water secretion is important for normal digestive process because it: (4)

Answer 11

maintains lumen contents in liquid state

promotes mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes

aids nutrient presentation to absorbing surface

dilutes and washes away potentially injurious substances

Question 12

two types of intestinal motility

Answer 12

segmentation

peristalsis

Question 13

segmentation is common during

Answer 13

meals

Question 14

segmentation motility

Answer 14

contraction and relaxation of short intestinal segments

moves chyme and provides thorough mixing of contents with digestive enzymes

Question 15

how are segmentation contractions initiated?

Answer 15

depolarisation generated by pacemaker cells in longitudinal muscle layer

Question 16

intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) produces oscillation in membrane potential which hits a threshold allowing the firing of an…

Answer 16

action potential to allow for contraction

Question 17

action potential frequency determines the

Answer 17

strength of contraction

Question 18

parasympathetic NS (vagus) will increase or decrease contraction of intestine?

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

sympathetic NS will increase or decrease contraction of intestine?

Answer 19

decrease

Question 20

following the absorption of nutrients, segmentation will stop and …… starts

Answer 20

peristalsis

Question 21

migration motility complex (MMC)

Answer 21

pattern of peristaltic activity travelling down small intestine

Question 22

arrival of food in the stomach sees the end of MMC and the start of

Answer 22

segmentation

Question 23

MMC acts to…. (2)

Answer 23

move digested material into the large intestine

limit bacterial colonisation of the small intestine

Question 24

what hormone is involved in the imitation of MMC?

Answer 24

motilin

Question 25

peristalsis is mediated by neurones in the

Answer 25

myenteric plexus

Question 26

gastric emptying allows for increased … in the ileum

Answer 26

segmentation

Question 27

Gastroileal reflux is the opening of the

Answer 27

ileocecal valve (sphincter) allowing for the entry of chyme into the large intestine and distension of the colon

Question 28

where does chyme dehydration occur?

Answer 28

ileum

Question 29

water secreted by crypts is reabsorbed by…..

Answer 29

villi