Upper GI structure and function

Question 1

4 lobes of liver

Answer 1

right and left (major)

caudate and quadrate (minor)

Question 2

the entry and exit of vessels ducts and nerves is via the …… on the inferior surface

Answer 2

porta

Question 3

what enters and exits liver

Answer 3

blood vessels (hepatic portal vein, artery)

lymphatic vessels

ducts (common hepatic)

nerves (hepatic nerve plexus)

Question 4

common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct from the ….. to make the ……

Answer 4

gall bladder

common bile duct

Question 5

the common bile duct + the pancreatic duct enter the

Answer 5

major duodenal papilla

sphincter of oddi

Question 6

liver is covered in what tissue?

what peritoneum?

Answer 6

connective

visceral

Question 7

portal triad

Answer 7

hepatic portal vein

hepatic artery

hepatic duct

Question 8

portal triads are located at each corner of

Answer 8

hexagonal lobule

Question 9

central veins at the centre of each lobule are HEPATIC veins that drain into the

Answer 9

inferior vena cava

Question 10

hepatic cords are composed of

Answer 10

hepatocytes

functional cells of the liver

Question 11

spaces between hepatic cords

Answer 11

hepatic sinusoids

Question 12

role of the liver

Answer 12

production and secretion of bile

Question 13

most predominant bile pigment

Answer 13

bilirubin

Question 14

bilirubin is extracted from blood by …. and secreted into bile

Answer 14

hepatocytes

Question 15

Bilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes gives brown pigments and therefore

Answer 15

brown faeces

Question 16

Reabsorbed bilirubin is yellow therefore

Answer 16

yellow urine

Question 17

bile acids are synthesised in the liver from

Answer 17

cholesterol

Question 18

before secretion, bile acids are conjugated with glycine or taurine to make

Answer 18

bile salts

Question 19

gall bladder secretes into the

Answer 19

cystic duct which secretes into the bile duct

Question 20

what control bile secretion?

Answer 20

sphincter of oddi

Question 21

sphincter of oddi controls release of ….. and ….. into the duodenum

Answer 21

bile and pancreatic juice

Question 22

fat in the duodenum stimulates the release of what?

Answer 22

CCK

Question 23

CCK allows for (2)

Answer 23

sphincter of oddi relaxation

gall bladder contraction

Question 24

Discharge of bile into duodenum allows for

Answer 24

fat solubilisation

Question 25

all functions of secretin (5)

Answer 25

decreases gastric acid secretion

decreases gastric emptying

increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion

increases pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

increases bile duct bicarbonate secretion

Question 26

all function of CCK (4)

Answer 26

reduces gastric emptying

increases pancreatic enzymes secretion

gallbladder contraction

relaxation of the sphincter of oddi