Hepatic-Biliary Pathology Flashcards
artery supplying liver
hepatic artery
vein draining liver
portal vein
functions of the liver
protein synthesis
metabolism of fat and carbohydrate
detoxification of drugs and toxins (including alcohol)
Common conditions of liver
liver failure
jaundice
intrahepatic bile duct obstruction
cirrhosis
tumours
common condition of gall bladder
inflammation
cholecystitis
common condition of extra hepatic bile ducts
obstruction
liver failure can be a complication of
acute liver injury
chronic liver injury (cirrhosis)
acute liver injury can be down to
hepatitis (viruses, alcohol, drugs)
bile duct obstruction
viral hepatitis
hep A
hep B
hep C
hep E
pathology of viral hepatitis
inflammation of liver
liver cell damage and death of individual liver cells
outcome of acute inflammation
resolution (return to normal)
liver failure if severe damage to liver
progression to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Alcoholic liver disease is a fatty change. results in
alcoholic hepatitis
progression to cirrhosis
alcoholic hepatitis leads to
acute inflammation
liver cell death
liver failure
Jaundice is a result of
increased circulating bilirubin
jaundice is caused by the altered metabolism of
bilirubin
pre-hepatic jaundice
increased release of haemoglobin from red cells
haemolysis
hepatic jaundice
cholestasis
intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction
cholestasis
accumulation of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi
causes of cholestasis
viral hepatitis
alcoholic hepatitis
liver failure
drugs (therapeutic, recreational)
intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction be caused by
primary biliary cholangitis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
tumours of liver (hepatocellular carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma)
primary biliary cholangitis
organ specific auto-immune disease
mainly affects females (9:1)
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile duct
pathology of primary biliary chloangitis
granulomatous inflammation involving bile ducts
loss of intra-hepatic bile duct
primary biliary cholangitis can often develop into
cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
chronic inflammation and fibrous obliteration of bile ducts
loss of intra-hepatic of bile ducts
associated with inflammatory bowel disease
primary sclerosing cholangitis can often progress into
cirrhosis
cholangiocarcinoma
causes of cirrhosis
alcohol
hep B,C
immune mediated liver disease
metabolic disorders
obesity
pathology of cirrhosis
diffuse process involving whole liver
loss of normal liver structure
replaced by nodules of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue
complication of cirrhosis
altered liver function
abnormal blood flow
increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
liver tumour examples
hepato-cellular carcinoma
cholangio carcinoma
metastatic tumours
post-hepatic jaundice
cholelithiasis (gall stones)
diseases of the gall bladder
extra-hepatic duct obstruction
risk factors for gall stones
obesity
diabetes
chronic cholecystitis
chronic inflammation and fibrosis of gall bladder
gallstones leads to inflammation called
acute and chronic cholecystitis
acute cholecystitis
acute inflammation of the gall bladder (empyema)
progression to chronic inflammation
causes of common bile duct obstruction
gall stones
bile duct tumours
benign stricture
external compression
effects of a common bile duct obstruction
jaundice
no bile excreted into the duodenum
infection of bile proximal to obstruction
secondary biliary cirrhosis
