Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY101 > Unit VI (Senses) > Flashcards

Unit VI (Senses) Flashcards

1
Q

this neurotransmitter enables muscle action, learning, and memory

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acetylcholine malfunctions

A

Alzheimer’s disease - ACh-producing neurons deteriorate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dopamine malfunctions

A

oversupply linked to schizophrenia, undersupply linked to tremors and decreased mobility in Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Serotonin malfunctions

A

undersupply linked to depression, some antidepressant drugs linked raise serotonin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

this neurotransmitter helps control alertness and arousal

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Serotonin malfunctions

A

undersupply can depress mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GABA Malfunctions

A

undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glutamate Malfunctions

A

oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures (which is why some people avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate, in food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

these function to activate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and enhance the effects of the action potential

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

these reduce excitability.

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ is used to treat and enhance quality of life in individuals who suffer severe illness

A

Neuromodulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate
Aspartate
Nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

Glycine
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurotransmitters that inhibit and excite

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Air-filled cavities located in the bones around the nasal cavity: ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal bones, and maxillae

Lined by respiratory mucosa which is the continuous with the mucose of the nasal cavity

Drain into the nasal cavity through relatively small apertures

Drainage of the sinuses mainly depends on the movement of the cilia, which propel the mucus toward their openings in the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal Sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___ is a hollow space behind the nose that air flows through

A

Nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

___ is a thin “wall” made of cartilage and bone. It divides the inside of the nose into two chambers

A

Septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

___ is thin tissue that lines the nose, sinuses, and throat. It warms and moistens the air you breathe in. It also makes the sticky mucus that helps clean the air of dust and other small particles.

A

Mucous Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

___are found on each side of the nose. They are curved, bony ridges lined with mucous membranes. They warm and moisten the air you breathe in.

A

Turbinates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

these are hollow, air-filled chambers in the bones around your nose. Mucus from the sinuses drains into the nasal cavity.

A

Sinuses

25
Q

___ is a tough, white-colored protective layer that surrounds the eye and helps maintain its shape

A

Sclerotic layer

26
Q

___ is a clear, thin layer covering the front of the eye. An infection of the eye call conjunctivitis can occur here.

A

Conjunctiva

27
Q

___ is a clear “window” in the sclerotic layer and under the conjunctiva that allows light to enter the eye

A

Cornea

28
Q

___ is a hole in the center of the iris. They dilate in the dark to let more light in. They shut down to a small hole during intense light to let less light in.

A

Pupil

29
Q

___ is a watery liquid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens. Helps maintain the shape of the eye.

A

Aqueous humor

30
Q

___ is found just in front of the lens. This changes size to controls the size of the pupil. It also gives eyes their color.

A

Iris

31
Q

___ is a jelly that helps maintain the shape of the eye.

A

Vitreous Humor

32
Q

___ is a black layer that forms part of the inside lining of the eye behind the lens. It prevents light from reflecting all around the eye and nourishes it with blood and oxygen.

A

Choroid

33
Q

___ is a layer containing over 100 million light-sensitive cells which transmit messages to the brain.

A

Retina

34
Q

___ is a section of the retina directly behind the pupil that contains a large number of color-sensitive cells. This why you should look directly at an object to see it most clearly.

A

Yellow spot (fovea)

35
Q

___ is where blood vessels and the optic nerve join the eyeball. There are no light-sensitive cells to detect image information.

A

Blind Spot

36
Q

___ joins the eye to the brain. Passes information about the image to the brain for processing so that the image is seen the right way up.

A

Optic Nerve

37
Q

___ is a clear, jelly-like “window” that helps focus an image on the back surface of the eye.

A

Lens

38
Q

___ holds the lens in place

A

Suspensory ligaments

39
Q

___ change the shape of the lens to bring images into focus

A

Ciliary muscles

40
Q

___ is located within the orbit above the lateral end of the eye. Its fluid (tears) cleanses and protects the eye’s surface as it lubricates and moistens it.

A

Lacrimal gland

41
Q

___ is helical in shape. It is the first part of the ear that reacts with sound that acts as a kind of funnel which assists in directing the sound further into the ear.

A

Pinna (outer ear)

42
Q

___ is a passage-way that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane.

A

External auditory canal (external auditory meatus or external acoustic meatus)

43
Q

other names for the external auditory canal

A

external auditory meatus or external acoustic meatus

44
Q

___ is the bone that surrounds the middle ear

A

Mastoid bone

45
Q

___ is the part of the ear that collects sound waves

A

External ear

46
Q

___ carries sound waves to the ear drum

A

Ear canal

47
Q

___ vibrates from sound waves, setting the middle ear bones in motion

A

Eardrum

48
Q

these vibrate, transmitting sound waves to the inner ear. When the ear is healthy, air pressure remains balanced in the middle ear.

A

Middle Ear Bones (ossicles)

49
Q

___ help maintain balance

A

Semicircular canals

50
Q

___ controls muscle in the face

A

Facial nerve

51
Q

___ carries balance signals to the brain

A

Vestibular Nerve

52
Q

___ carries sound signals to the brain

A

Auditory Nerve

53
Q

___ picks up sound waves and produces nerve signals

A

Cochlea

54
Q

___ helps control air pressure in the middle ear

A

Eustachian Tube

55
Q

___ are two small mounds of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the base of the tongue, one on either side.

A

Lingual tonsils

56
Q

Assist the immune system in the production of antibodies in response to invading pathogenic bacteria or viruses.

A

Lingual tonsils

57
Q

___ are located lateral and forward to the side of the base of the tongue, and formed by the projection of the glossopalatine muscle.

A

Palatoglossal arch

58
Q

___ lie near the back of the palatine section of the tongue and are arranged in a V-shaped formation directed toward the throat

A

Vallate papillae

59
Q

Involved in the sensations of taste and have taste buds embedded in their surfaces.

A

Vallate papillae

ANAPHY101 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions