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ANAPHY101 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of science that deals with the structure or morphology of body parts, their forms, and how they are organized.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification.

A

Microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

Structure and functions of plant & animal cells

A

Cytology

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4
Q

Microscopic structure of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Deals with the examination of large human structures of tissues.

A

Macroscopic anatomy or Gross anatomy

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6
Q

Study of the external features of the body

A

Surface or Visual anatomy

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7
Q

Anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk

A

Regional anatomy

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8
Q

Study of the structure of organ systems

A

Systemic anatomy

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9
Q

Deals with the changes that occur during the period between conception and physical maturity

A

Developmental anatomy

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10
Q

Branches of Anatomy

A

Microscopic and Macroscopic Anatomy(Gross Anatomy)

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11
Q

Branches of Microscopic Anatomy

A

Histology
Cytology

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12
Q

Branches of Macroscopic Anatomy

A

Surface or Visual Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy

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13
Q

It is the science of life

A

Physiology

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14
Q

It is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to the integrated
behavior of the whole body and the influence of the external environment

A

Physiology

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15
Q

What’s the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

A

Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures

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16
Q

Forms the external body covering which protects deeper tissue from injury, prevents dehydration and waterproofs the body

A

Integumentary system

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17
Q

Protects and supports body organs as well as provides framework to the muscles thus causing movement.

A

Skeletal system

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18
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment through locomotion and facial expression

A

Muscular system

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19
Q

What are the levels of structural organization?

A

Atoms -> Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ System

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20
Q

Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

A

Nervous system

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21
Q

Production of offspring

A

Reproductive system

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22
Q

Secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, nutrient use (metabolism) by cells.

A

Endocrine system

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23
Q

Compose of the heart, blood vessels and blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, wastes etc. to cells where exchanges are made

A

Cardiovascular system

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24
Q

Protects body from invading pathogens and disposes of dead cells.

A

Lymphatic and Immune system

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25
Q

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

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26
Q

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells

A

Digestive system

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Growth and Development
  3. Reproduction
  4. Movement
  5. Self-Regulating Metabolism
  6. Adaptation
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28
Q

The ability to react to a stimuli (any change from the external or internal environment)

A

Irritability

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29
Q

Production of new organisms and new cells

A

Reproduction

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30
Q

A change in position of a body or a part

A

Movement

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31
Q

are all chemical reactions happening in the body

A

Metabolism

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32
Q

___ comes in where body attempts to balance regulatory processes to control or regulate metabolism

A

Homeostasis

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33
Q

A change in the way of life that allows people to survive in a particular environment

A

Adaptation

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34
Q

The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

A

Homeostasis

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35
Q

carry signals away from the central nervous system

A

Efferent pathways

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36
Q

come from outside stimuli and tell your brain what they are sensing, such as temperature

A

Afferent signals

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37
Q

produces change in the variable

A

Stimulus

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38
Q

detects change

A

Receptor

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39
Q

information sent along afferent pathway to control center

A

Input

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40
Q

information sent along efferent pathway to effector

A

Output

41
Q

effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level

A

Response

42
Q

Types of Feedback Mechanisms

A

Negative feedback loop
Positive feedback loop

43
Q

is a reaction to a stimulus that causes a decrease in function and tends to stabilize the system

A

Negative feedback loop

44
Q

is a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop. This amplifies the
original action

A

Positive feedback

45
Q

Terms describe the positions of structures relative to their structures or locations in the body

A

Directional Terms

46
Q

Described by 4 criteria: standing erect, face forward, arms on the side with palms facing forward and feet slightly apart

A

Anatomical Terms

47
Q

Means above

A

Superior

48
Q

Means below

A

Inferior

49
Q

Means front

A

Anterior or Ventral

50
Q

Means back

A

Posterior or Dorsal

51
Q

Means closest to the origin

A

Proximal

52
Q

Means farthest away

A

Distal

53
Q

Means body surface

A

Superficial

54
Q

Means farthest from the body’s surface

A

Deep

55
Q

Means midline

A

Medial

56
Q

Means side

A

Lateral

57
Q

Means between

A

Inter-mediate

58
Q

Sometimes used instead of deep

A

Visceral

59
Q

Means opposite

A

Contralateral

60
Q

is a two-dimensional surface — its dimensions are length and width

A

Plane

61
Q

divides the body into front and back sections

A

Coronal Plane

62
Q

divides the body into left and right sections

A

Saggital Plane

63
Q

divides the body into EQUAL left and right sections

A

Median

64
Q

divides the body into upper and lower sections

A

Axial

65
Q

Any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of vessels (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels)

A

Body Cavity

66
Q

It is the anterior ventral body cavity found within the rib cage in the torso

A

thoracic cavity

67
Q

It houses the primary organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as the heart and lungs, but also includes organs from other systems, such as the esophagus and thymus gland

A

thoracic cavity

68
Q

is the cavity that contains the spinal cord within the vertebral column, formed by the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

A

Vertebral Cavity

69
Q

houses the Brain, Meninges, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid. The primary function of the brain is supplying information to the rest of the body and to help it function as whole

A

Cranial Cavity

70
Q

Housed the digestive system and provides muscles for posture, balance, and breathing.

A

Abdominal Cavity

71
Q

Borders of the this cavity are the posterior peritoneal surface, the anterior abdominal wall, the inferior pelvic inlet, and the superior thoracic diaphragm.

A

Abdominal Cavity

72
Q

supports the urinary bladder, uterus in females, vagina in females, pelvic colon, rectum, and anus

A

pelvic floor/cavity

73
Q

also functions as a bladder and anal sphincter through tonic contractions

A

pelvic floor/cavity

74
Q

are another way our bodies are divided into regions for both diagnostic and descriptive purposes

A

Abdominal Quadrants

75
Q

What are the abdominal quadrants?

A

Right Upper Quadrant
Left Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant
Left Lower Quadrant

76
Q

What are the Nine Abdominal Regions?

A

Right Hypochondriac Region
Epigastric Region
Left Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Umbilical Region
Left Lumbar Region
Right Iliac Region
Hypochondriac Region
Left Iliac Region

77
Q

What are the major body regions?

A

Cephalic
Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Pubic
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Back

78
Q

What are the parts of the anterior cephalic region?

A

Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Oral

79
Q

What are the parts of the anterior thoracic region?

A

Sternal
Axillary

80
Q

What are the parts of the anterior abdominal region?

A

Umbilical

81
Q

What are the parts of the anterior pelvic region?

A

Inguinal
Pubic

82
Q

What are the parts of the upper limb region?

A

Acromial
Deltoid
Brachial
Antecubital
Olecranal
Antebrachial
Carpal
Digital

83
Q

What are the parts of the lower limb region?

A

Coxal
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular
Tarpal
Calcaneal
Plantar
Digital

84
Q

What are the parts of the posterior cranial region?

A

Occipital

85
Q

What are the parts of the back region?

A

Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal

86
Q

relating to the abdomen

A

Abdominal

87
Q

region of the arm in front ofthe elbow

A

Antecubital

88
Q

over the brachial artery in the upper arm

A

Brachial

89
Q

of or relating to the cheeks or the mouth

A

Buccal

90
Q

of or relating to the calf

A

Calf

91
Q

relating to the femur or thigh

A

Femoral

92
Q

the groin or area in lower lateral regions of the abdomen

A

Inguinal

93
Q

area over the lumbar spine

A

Lumbar

94
Q

region on the back of the knee

A

Popliteal

95
Q

Thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs

A

Body Membranes

96
Q

line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

A

Mucous membranes

97
Q

line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body; the peritoneal, pleural, and the pericardial cavities

A

Serous membranes

98
Q

membranes found on the skin, these cover the body surface

A

Cutaneous membranes

99
Q

line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint

A

Synovial membranes

ANAPHY101 (17 decks)

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