Unit Two Exam: Chapters 8-11

Question 1

What statement about carbohydrates is true?
A- All carbohydrates are easily digestible
B- They transport substances into and out of cells
C- They are the building blocks of proteins
D- They are the most important energy source for the body

Answer 1

D- They are the most important energy source for the body

Question 2

What best describes hemoglobin?
A- A structural protein
B- A transport protein
C- A hormone
D- A regulatory protein

Answer 2

B- A transport protein

Question 3

In circulating blood, cholesterol is attached to _________ in order to form ________.
A- lipids; triglycerides
B- sugars; steroids
C- proteins; lipoproteins
D- proteins; ketones

Answer 3

C- proteins; lipoproteins

Question 4

Which of the following is a type of fiber?
A- Cellulose
B- Lipase
C- Trypsin
D- Isoflavone

Answer 4

A- Cellulose

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- Sulfur
B- Potassium
C- Magnesium
D- Copper

Answer 5

D- Copper

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
A- Vitamin A
B- Vitamin B
C- Vitamin K
D- Vitamin E

Answer 6

B- Vitamin B

Question 7

In diabetes mellitus, there is an overproduction of what substance?
A- Ketones
B- Glycogen
C- Vitamin D
D- Lipoproteins

Answer 7

A- Ketones

Question 8

Insufficient dietary fiber can cause which condition?
A- Diarrhea
B- Constipation
C- Decreased mineral absorption
D- All of the above

Answer 8

D- All of the above

Question 9

In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic information is contained in which of the following structures?
A- The ribosomes
B- The lysosomes
C- The chromosomes
D- The nuclear membrane

Answer 9

C- The chromosomes

Question 10

Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells?
A- They are found in the gonads
B- They are the cells that make up most of the tissues of the body
C- They contain no nucleus
D- They have two copies of each chromosome

Answer 10

A- They are found in the gonads

Question 11

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?
A- Its chromosomal number
B- Its genotype
C- Its heredity
D- Its phenotype

Answer 11

D- Its phenotype

Question 12

The four bases found in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ___________.
A- Phosphate
B- Ribosine
C- Uracil
D- Guanidine

Answer 12

C- Uracil

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?
A- mRNA
B- rRNA
C- tRNA
D- None of the above
E- All of the above

Answer 13

E- All of the above

Question 14

What is the purpose of mitosis?
A- To clone the DNA fragments
B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells
C- To provide the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- To isolate genes

Answer 14

B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells

Question 15

Which of following base pairs are found in DNA?
A- Guanine-Adenine
B- Guanine-Cytosine
C- Guanine-Thymine
D- Guanine-Guanine

Answer 15

B- Guanine-Cytosine

Question 16

What biomolecule carries the cell’s genetic information across the nuclear membrane?
A- DNA
B- mRNA
C- rRNA
D- tRNA

Answer 16

B- mRNA

Question 17

Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the nucleus?
A- Replication
B- Transcription
C- Mutation
D- Translation

Answer 17

D- Translation

Question 18

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?
A- Mitosis
B- Transcription
C- Translocation
D- Translation

Answer 18

D- Translation

Question 19

Restriction enzymes are used to __________the DNA fragments.
A- Separate
B- Detect
C- Clone
D- Cut

Answer 19

D- Cut

Question 20

What is the product of transcription?
A- RNA
B- DNA
C- Protein
D- Enzyme

Answer 20

A- RNA

Question 21

What are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology?
A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments
B- They chemically modify the bases present in the DNA
C- They separate the DNA into single strands
D- They introduce some pieces of foreign DNA into a gene

Answer 21

A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments

Question 22

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:
A- cut the DNA into fragments
B- Clone the DNA fragments
C- Isolate genes
D- Separate the DNA fragments

Answer 22

B- Clone the DNA fragments

Question 23

What best describes transgenesis?
A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
B- The crossing of animals from different strains
C- The introduction of RNA to replace DNA in the nucleus
D- The removal of some of the normal genes in an animal cell

Answer 23

A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal

Question 24

For producing gene-targeted animals, the dosage and timing of the hormone injections to produce superovulation must take into consideration which of the following factors?
A- The staff schedule
B- The strain of the stud
C- The biosafety level in use at the facility
D- The strain of the donor female

Answer 24

D- The strain of the donor female

Question 25

Which of the following methods is used to insert a foreign gene into the genome of an experimental animal? A- Pronuclear injection B- Breeding a wild-type animal to an inbred animal C- Backcrossing a transgenic line D- Embryo rederivation

Answer 25

A- Pronuclear injection

Question 26

Chimeric mice are developed from which type of cell? A- Embryonic stem cell B- Embryonic hematopoietic cell C- Adult stem cell D- Fertilized egg

Answer 26

A- Embryonic stem cell

Question 27

What is genotyping? A- Deciding which DNA fragment to insert B- Determining the genes that are present on a given chromosome C- Determining the exact location of a DNA fragment on a chromosome D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

Answer 27

D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

Question 28

What proportion of the offspring could you theoretically expect to be hemizygous for the transgene if you mate two hemizygous parents? A- 0% B- 25% C- 50% D- 75%

Answer 28

C- 50%

Question 29

What is the term for a mouse in which some cells contain the transgene and some cells do not? A- Hemizygote B- Chimera C- Mixed gene mouse D- Transgenic hybrid

Answer 29

B- Chimera

Question 30

Which of the following can help the technologist observe the pups without disturbing the mother? A- Use ultraviolet lighting B- Use clear nesting boxes C- Remove all bedding D- Remove the mother from the cages while observing the pups

Answer 30

B- Use clear nesting boxes

Question 31

What term describes an animal where the fragment of DNA inserted through gene-targeted technology prevents the gene product from being expressed? A- Knockin B- Knockout C- Homozygous D- Chimera

Answer 31

B- Knockout

Question 32

What best describe an “allele”? A- One of a pair of genes B- A gene that has been artificially incorporated into a chromosome C- A chromosome that is haploid D- An artificial piece of DNA

Answer 32

A - One of a pair of genes

Question 33

Which of the following variables should be considered when designing a facility where genetic engineering will be the main focus? A- Noise B- Lighting C- Personnel changes D- All of the above

Answer 33

D- All of the above

Question 34

Which of these types of animals receive a cocktail of known microorganisms? A- Axenic B- Defined flora C- Specific pathogen-free D- Normal

Answer 34

A- Axenic

Question 35

When deriving axenic animals, microbiological monitoring should be conducted to make sure that ______ has not passed transplacentally to the pups. A- Salmonella spp. B- Mycoplasma spp. C- Escherichia coli D- Giardia spp.

Answer 35

B- Mycoplasma spp

Question 36

Among the animals considered to be gnotobiotes, which ones have a normal flora but are free of pathogens? A- Axenic B- SPF C- DF D- Germ-free

Answer 36

C- DF

Question 37

What is a “Schaedler cocktail” or “altered Schaedler cocktail”? A- A solution containing vitamins and minerals to boost the immune system B- A mixture of several antibiotics to prevent infections C- A mixture of antibiotics and vitamins D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

Answer 37

D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

Question 38

When material is introduced into an isolator system, what is the supply cylinder attached to? A- The transfer sleeve B- The built-in gloves C- The sterilizer D- The laminar flow cabinet

Answer 38

A- The transfer sleeve

Question 39

Which of the following is essential for isolator systems? A- Temperature and humidity controls B- Controls for light/dark cycles C- Sterilization of incoming air D- All of the above

Answer 39

D- All of the above

Question 40

Why should the existing pups be removed from the axenic foster mother before introducing the new pups? A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice B- To prevent maternal neglect C- To ensure adequate suckling space D- Tp prevent confusion if the fostered pups are the same phenotype

Answer 40

A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice