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LATG > Unit Two Exam: Chapters 8-11 > Flashcards

Unit Two Exam: Chapters 8-11 Flashcards

1
Q

What statement about carbohydrates is true?
A- All carbohydrates are easily digestible
B- They transport substances into and out of cells
C- They are the building blocks of proteins
D- They are the most important energy source for the body

A

D- They are the most important energy source for the body

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2
Q

What best describes hemoglobin?
A- A structural protein
B- A transport protein
C- A hormone
D- A regulatory protein

A

B- A transport protein

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3
Q

In circulating blood, cholesterol is attached to _________ in order to form ________.
A- lipids; triglycerides
B- sugars; steroids
C- proteins; lipoproteins
D- proteins; ketones

A

C- proteins; lipoproteins

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4
Q

Which of the following is a type of fiber?
A- Cellulose
B- Lipase
C- Trypsin
D- Isoflavone

A

A- Cellulose

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- Sulfur
B- Potassium
C- Magnesium
D- Copper

A

D- Copper

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6
Q

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
A- Vitamin A
B- Vitamin B
C- Vitamin K
D- Vitamin E

A

B- Vitamin B

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7
Q

In diabetes mellitus, there is an overproduction of what substance?
A- Ketones
B- Glycogen
C- Vitamin D
D- Lipoproteins

A

A- Ketones

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8
Q

Insufficient dietary fiber can cause which condition?
A- Diarrhea
B- Constipation
C- Decreased mineral absorption
D- All of the above

A

D- All of the above

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9
Q

In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic information is contained in which of the following structures?
A- The ribosomes
B- The lysosomes
C- The chromosomes
D- The nuclear membrane

A

C- The chromosomes

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10
Q

Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells?
A- They are found in the gonads
B- They are the cells that make up most of the tissues of the body
C- They contain no nucleus
D- They have two copies of each chromosome

A

A- They are found in the gonads

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11
Q

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?
A- Its chromosomal number
B- Its genotype
C- Its heredity
D- Its phenotype

A

D- Its phenotype

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12
Q

The four bases found in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ___________.
A- Phosphate
B- Ribosine
C- Uracil
D- Guanidine

A

C- Uracil

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13
Q

Which of the following is a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?
A- mRNA
B- rRNA
C- tRNA
D- None of the above
E- All of the above

A

E- All of the above

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14
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?
A- To clone the DNA fragments
B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells
C- To provide the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- To isolate genes

A

B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells

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15
Q

Which of following base pairs are found in DNA?
A- Guanine-Adenine
B- Guanine-Cytosine
C- Guanine-Thymine
D- Guanine-Guanine

A

B- Guanine-Cytosine

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16
Q

What biomolecule carries the cell’s genetic information across the nuclear membrane?
A- DNA
B- mRNA
C- rRNA
D- tRNA

A

B- mRNA

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17
Q

Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the nucleus?
A- Replication
B- Transcription
C- Mutation
D- Translation

A

D- Translation

18
Q

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?
A- Mitosis
B- Transcription
C- Translocation
D- Translation

A

D- Translation

19
Q

Restriction enzymes are used to __________the DNA fragments.
A- Separate
B- Detect
C- Clone
D- Cut

A

D- Cut

20
Q

What is the product of transcription?
A- RNA
B- DNA
C- Protein
D- Enzyme

A

A- RNA

21
Q

What are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology?
A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments
B- They chemically modify the bases present in the DNA
C- They separate the DNA into single strands
D- They introduce some pieces of foreign DNA into a gene

A

A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments

22
Q

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:
A- cut the DNA into fragments
B- Clone the DNA fragments
C- Isolate genes
D- Separate the DNA fragments

A

B- Clone the DNA fragments

23
Q

What best describes transgenesis?
A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
B- The crossing of animals from different strains
C- The introduction of RNA to replace DNA in the nucleus
D- The removal of some of the normal genes in an animal cell

A

A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal

24
Q

For producing gene-targeted animals, the dosage and timing of the hormone injections to produce superovulation must take into consideration which of the following factors?
A- The staff schedule
B- The strain of the stud
C- The biosafety level in use at the facility
D- The strain of the donor female

A

D- The strain of the donor female

25
Q

Which of the following methods is used to insert a foreign gene into the genome of an experimental animal?
A- Pronuclear injection
B- Breeding a wild-type animal to an inbred animal
C- Backcrossing a transgenic line
D- Embryo rederivation

A

A- Pronuclear injection

26
Q

Chimeric mice are developed from which type of cell?
A- Embryonic stem cell
B- Embryonic hematopoietic cell
C- Adult stem cell
D- Fertilized egg

A

A- Embryonic stem cell

27
Q

What is genotyping?
A- Deciding which DNA fragment to insert
B- Determining the genes that are present on a given chromosome
C- Determining the exact location of a DNA fragment on a chromosome
D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

A

D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

28
Q

What proportion of the offspring could you theoretically expect to be hemizygous for the transgene if you mate two hemizygous parents?
A- 0%
B- 25%
C- 50%
D- 75%

A

C- 50%

29
Q

What is the term for a mouse in which some cells contain the transgene and some cells do not?
A- Hemizygote
B- Chimera
C- Mixed gene mouse
D- Transgenic hybrid

A

B- Chimera

30
Q

Which of the following can help the technologist observe the pups without disturbing the mother?
A- Use ultraviolet lighting
B- Use clear nesting boxes
C- Remove all bedding
D- Remove the mother from the cages while observing the pups

A

B- Use clear nesting boxes

31
Q

What term describes an animal where the fragment of DNA inserted through gene-targeted technology prevents the gene product from being expressed?
A- Knockin
B- Knockout
C- Homozygous
D- Chimera

A

B- Knockout

32
Q

What best describe an “allele”?
A- One of a pair of genes
B- A gene that has been artificially incorporated into a chromosome
C- A chromosome that is haploid
D- An artificial piece of DNA

A

A - One of a pair of genes

33
Q

Which of the following variables should be considered when designing a facility where genetic engineering will be the main focus?
A- Noise
B- Lighting
C- Personnel changes
D- All of the above

A

D- All of the above

34
Q

Which of these types of animals receive a cocktail of known microorganisms?
A- Axenic
B- Defined flora
C- Specific pathogen-free
D- Normal

A

A- Axenic

35
Q

When deriving axenic animals, microbiological monitoring should be conducted to make sure that ______ has not passed transplacentally to the pups.
A- Salmonella spp.
B- Mycoplasma spp.
C- Escherichia coli
D- Giardia spp.

A

B- Mycoplasma spp

36
Q

Among the animals considered to be gnotobiotes, which ones have a normal flora but are free of pathogens?
A- Axenic
B- SPF
C- DF
D- Germ-free

A

C- DF

37
Q

What is a “Schaedler cocktail” or “altered Schaedler cocktail”?
A- A solution containing vitamins and minerals to boost the immune system
B- A mixture of several antibiotics to prevent infections
C- A mixture of antibiotics and vitamins
D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

A

D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

38
Q

When material is introduced into an isolator system, what is the supply cylinder attached to?
A- The transfer sleeve
B- The built-in gloves
C- The sterilizer
D- The laminar flow cabinet

A

A- The transfer sleeve

39
Q

Which of the following is essential for isolator systems?
A- Temperature and humidity controls
B- Controls for light/dark cycles
C- Sterilization of incoming air
D- All of the above

A

D- All of the above

40
Q

Why should the existing pups be removed from the axenic foster mother before introducing the new pups?
A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice
B- To prevent maternal neglect
C- To ensure adequate suckling space
D- Tp prevent confusion if the fostered pups are the same phenotype

A

A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice

LATG (22 decks)

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