Unit Two Exam: Chapters 8-11 Flashcards
What statement about carbohydrates is true?
A- All carbohydrates are easily digestible
B- They transport substances into and out of cells
C- They are the building blocks of proteins
D- They are the most important energy source for the body
D- They are the most important energy source for the body
What best describes hemoglobin?
A- A structural protein
B- A transport protein
C- A hormone
D- A regulatory protein
B- A transport protein
In circulating blood, cholesterol is attached to _________ in order to form ________.
A- lipids; triglycerides
B- sugars; steroids
C- proteins; lipoproteins
D- proteins; ketones
C- proteins; lipoproteins
Which of the following is a type of fiber?
A- Cellulose
B- Lipase
C- Trypsin
D- Isoflavone
A- Cellulose
Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- Sulfur
B- Potassium
C- Magnesium
D- Copper
D- Copper
Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
A- Vitamin A
B- Vitamin B
C- Vitamin K
D- Vitamin E
B- Vitamin B
In diabetes mellitus, there is an overproduction of what substance?
A- Ketones
B- Glycogen
C- Vitamin D
D- Lipoproteins
A- Ketones
Insufficient dietary fiber can cause which condition?
A- Diarrhea
B- Constipation
C- Decreased mineral absorption
D- All of the above
D- All of the above
In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic information is contained in which of the following structures?
A- The ribosomes
B- The lysosomes
C- The chromosomes
D- The nuclear membrane
C- The chromosomes
Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells?
A- They are found in the gonads
B- They are the cells that make up most of the tissues of the body
C- They contain no nucleus
D- They have two copies of each chromosome
A- They are found in the gonads
What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?
A- Its chromosomal number
B- Its genotype
C- Its heredity
D- Its phenotype
D- Its phenotype
The four bases found in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ___________.
A- Phosphate
B- Ribosine
C- Uracil
D- Guanidine
C- Uracil
Which of the following is a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?
A- mRNA
B- rRNA
C- tRNA
D- None of the above
E- All of the above
E- All of the above
What is the purpose of mitosis?
A- To clone the DNA fragments
B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells
C- To provide the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- To isolate genes
B- To provide for growth and replace worn out cells
Which of following base pairs are found in DNA?
A- Guanine-Adenine
B- Guanine-Cytosine
C- Guanine-Thymine
D- Guanine-Guanine
B- Guanine-Cytosine
What biomolecule carries the cell’s genetic information across the nuclear membrane?
A- DNA
B- mRNA
C- rRNA
D- tRNA
B- mRNA
Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the nucleus?
A- Replication
B- Transcription
C- Mutation
D- Translation
D- Translation
Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?
A- Mitosis
B- Transcription
C- Translocation
D- Translation
D- Translation
Restriction enzymes are used to __________the DNA fragments.
A- Separate
B- Detect
C- Clone
D- Cut
D- Cut
What is the product of transcription?
A- RNA
B- DNA
C- Protein
D- Enzyme
A- RNA
What are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology?
A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments
B- They chemically modify the bases present in the DNA
C- They separate the DNA into single strands
D- They introduce some pieces of foreign DNA into a gene
A- They allow scientists to cut the DNA into shorter fragments
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:
A- cut the DNA into fragments
B- Clone the DNA fragments
C- Isolate genes
D- Separate the DNA fragments
B- Clone the DNA fragments
What best describes transgenesis?
A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
B- The crossing of animals from different strains
C- The introduction of RNA to replace DNA in the nucleus
D- The removal of some of the normal genes in an animal cell
A- The introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
For producing gene-targeted animals, the dosage and timing of the hormone injections to produce superovulation must take into consideration which of the following factors?
A- The staff schedule
B- The strain of the stud
C- The biosafety level in use at the facility
D- The strain of the donor female
D- The strain of the donor female
Which of the following methods is used to insert a foreign gene into the genome of an experimental animal?
A- Pronuclear injection
B- Breeding a wild-type animal to an inbred animal
C- Backcrossing a transgenic line
D- Embryo rederivation
A- Pronuclear injection
Chimeric mice are developed from which type of cell?
A- Embryonic stem cell
B- Embryonic hematopoietic cell
C- Adult stem cell
D- Fertilized egg
A- Embryonic stem cell
What is genotyping?
A- Deciding which DNA fragment to insert
B- Determining the genes that are present on a given chromosome
C- Determining the exact location of a DNA fragment on a chromosome
D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism
D- Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism
What proportion of the offspring could you theoretically expect to be hemizygous for the transgene if you mate two hemizygous parents?
A- 0%
B- 25%
C- 50%
D- 75%
C- 50%
What is the term for a mouse in which some cells contain the transgene and some cells do not?
A- Hemizygote
B- Chimera
C- Mixed gene mouse
D- Transgenic hybrid
B- Chimera
Which of the following can help the technologist observe the pups without disturbing the mother?
A- Use ultraviolet lighting
B- Use clear nesting boxes
C- Remove all bedding
D- Remove the mother from the cages while observing the pups
B- Use clear nesting boxes
What term describes an animal where the fragment of DNA inserted through gene-targeted technology prevents the gene product from being expressed?
A- Knockin
B- Knockout
C- Homozygous
D- Chimera
B- Knockout
What best describe an “allele”?
A- One of a pair of genes
B- A gene that has been artificially incorporated into a chromosome
C- A chromosome that is haploid
D- An artificial piece of DNA
A - One of a pair of genes
Which of the following variables should be considered when designing a facility where genetic engineering will be the main focus?
A- Noise
B- Lighting
C- Personnel changes
D- All of the above
D- All of the above
Which of these types of animals receive a cocktail of known microorganisms?
A- Axenic
B- Defined flora
C- Specific pathogen-free
D- Normal
A- Axenic
When deriving axenic animals, microbiological monitoring should be conducted to make sure that ______ has not passed transplacentally to the pups.
A- Salmonella spp.
B- Mycoplasma spp.
C- Escherichia coli
D- Giardia spp.
B- Mycoplasma spp
Among the animals considered to be gnotobiotes, which ones have a normal flora but are free of pathogens?
A- Axenic
B- SPF
C- DF
D- Germ-free
C- DF
What is a “Schaedler cocktail” or “altered Schaedler cocktail”?
A- A solution containing vitamins and minerals to boost the immune system
B- A mixture of several antibiotics to prevent infections
C- A mixture of antibiotics and vitamins
D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria
D- A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria
When material is introduced into an isolator system, what is the supply cylinder attached to?
A- The transfer sleeve
B- The built-in gloves
C- The sterilizer
D- The laminar flow cabinet
A- The transfer sleeve
Which of the following is essential for isolator systems?
A- Temperature and humidity controls
B- Controls for light/dark cycles
C- Sterilization of incoming air
D- All of the above
D- All of the above
Why should the existing pups be removed from the axenic foster mother before introducing the new pups?
A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice
B- To prevent maternal neglect
C- To ensure adequate suckling space
D- Tp prevent confusion if the fostered pups are the same phenotype
A- To ensure genetic integrity of the mice
