Chapter 9: Molecular Biology Flashcards
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
What term matches: The actual physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism?
Phenotype
What term matches: Cells that have single chromosomes not paired
Haploid
What term matches: A permanent change in DNA sequence of a gene
Mutation
What term matches: Cells that have chromosomes that are paired
Diploid
What term matches: The genetic make-up of an organism
Genotype
The number of genes in diploid cells of mice is estimated to be about ________.
A- 20
B- 40
C- 3000
D- 30000
D- 30000
A molecule that is comprised of a series of chemical subunits that are linked together is called a:
A- Repeating sequence
B- Polymer
C- Building block
D-Pairing molecule
B- Polymer
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
1- A sugar
2- A nitrogen-containing base
3- A phosphate group
What are the four bases found in DNA?
1- Adenine (A)
2- Guanine (G)
3- Cytosine (C)
4- Thymine (T)
Which base is paired with adenine in the DNA molecule?
Thymine (T)
Name three major differences between the structure and the chemical makeup of DNA and RNA.
1- The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose
2- In eukaryotes, DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded
3- One of the bases in DNA is Thymine. In RNA, it is replaced by Uracil
What is the product of replication?
DNA
What is the product of transcription?
RNA
What is the product of translation?
Protein
Where does replication take place?
A- In the nucleus
B- Within the nuclear membrane
C- In the lysosomes
D- In the ribosomes
A- In the nucleus
The product of transcription is a molecule of ______.
RNA
Which of the following statements best describes mRNA?
A- It contains all the cell’s genetic information
B- It carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
C- It provides the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- It is generally double-stranded
B- It carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using the ____________ test.
A- Western blot
B- Northern blot
C- Southern blot
D- Eastern blot
A- Western blot
Which of the following techniques is used to clone DNA?
A- Western blot
B- Transcription
C- Translation
D- Polymerase chain reaction
D- Polymerase chain reaction
________________ is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits into two identical cells.
Mitosis
_________________ is a form of cell division that ovaries and testes undergo during the process of sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
