Unit Three Exam: Chapters 12-17 Flashcards
Which of the following cellular components play a role the body’s ability to recognize substances as “nonself”?
A- Antigens
B- Antibodies
C- Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex
D- Mucous membranes
C- Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex
The immunity that functions if an animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance is called _______ immunity.
A- acquired
B- adaptive
C- innate
D- general
C- innate
In the recognition stage of an immune response, which of the following encounter an antigen-presenting cell?
A- B lymphocytes
B- Mast cells
C- Dendritic cells
D- Immunoglobulins
A- B lymphocytes
What best describes the cytokines?
A- They transmit information from the receptor to the other sites in the cell
B- They are enzymes that destroy foreign materials that enter the cell
C- They secrete antibodies against the invading substance
D- They serve as “memory molecules’ that can quickly mobilize if the same antigen invades the cell later
A- They transmit information from the receptor to the other sites in the cell
Macrophages and ________________ have a similar role in presenting an antigen to other cells.
A- T cells
B- B cells
C- Dendritic cells
D- Helper T cells
C- Dendritic cells
What is the term used to describe an animal with a normal immune system?
A- Immunopositive
B- Immunocompetent
C- Immunoproductive
D- Immunoactive
B- Immunocompetent
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in the serum of mammals?
A- IgG
B- IgA
C- IgM
D- IgY
A- IgG
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A- The absence of infection fighting ability in immunosuppressed animals
B- The reaction that follows a second exposure to the same antigen
C- The protection offered by pre-formed antibodies given to an animal
D- The protection offered by endogenous polyclonal antibodies
C- The protection offered by pre-formed antibodies given to an animal
Which of the following treatments is commonly used in laboratory animals to prevent transplant rejection?
A- Heavy doses of antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections in the transplanted tissue
B- Long-term dietary supplements to boost rejection resistance
C- Blood transfusions to increase the level of B cells and T cells
D- Radiation exposure to kill progenitors of the immune system cells
D- Radiation exposure to kill progenitors of the immune system cells
What best describes a xenograft?
A- A graft of tissue obtained from another part of the body of the recipient
B- A graft of tissue obtained from a recipient’s identical twin
C- A graft of tissue obtained from an animal of the same species
D- A graft of tissue obtained from a donor of a different species
D- A graft of tissue obtained from a donor of a different species
When is the best time to schedule husbandry chores in rooms that house immunodeficient animals?
A- At the end of the day in order to avoid transmitting their pathogens to the general population
B- At the beginning of the day to prevent contamination transmitted from other animals in the facility
C- Outside of regular working hours when there are fewer people in the facility
D- Any time as long as the same schedule is followed every week
B- At the beginning of the day to prevent contamination transmitted from other animals in the facility
Which of the following is a way that a secondary immunodeficiency disease can be acquired?
A- Poor nutrition
B- Radiation exposure
C- Inherited genetically
D- None of the above
A- Poor nutrition
The structure of viruses usually consists of which of the following?
A- A strand of nucleic acid
B- A protein capsid
C- A lipid envelope
D- All of the above
E- None of the above
D- All of the above
Some bacteria are encapsulated. What best describes a capsule?
A- A resistant outer covering of bacterial spores
B- The equivalent of the plasma membrane in bacteria
C- An exterior protective envelope of gelatinous material
D- An appendage for bacterial locomotion
C- An exterior protective envelope of gelatinous material
Which statement best describes a bacterial spore?
A- It is an envelope that covers the bacterium and protects it from being digested by the host’s enzymes
B- It is a colony of bacteria enveloped in a thick protective coating
C- It is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating
D- It is the infectious stage of a bacterium
C- It is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating
Bacteria that can grow in the absence of oxygen are called:
A- Normal
B- Anaerobic
C- Aerobic
D- Microaerophilic
B- Anaerobic
Which of the following statement applies to viral reproduction?
A- Viruses reproduce by integrating pieces of the host’s DNA into their own DNA
B- Viruses reproduce in the fluids that surround the cells in the host’s tissues
C- Viruses use the host cell’s mechanisms to synthesize new viral components
D- Agars are good media that allow virus reproduction and growth without the need for the virus to enter a host cell
C- Viruses use the host cell’s mechanisms to synesthesia e new viral components
Scrapie in sheep is believed to be caused by which infectious agent?
A- Viruses
B- Bacteria
C- Fungi
D- Prions
D- Prions
What is the shape of cocci bacteria?
A- Ovoid
B- Spherical
C- Rod-like
D- Curved
B- Spherical
Tapeworms belong to which class of helminths?
A- Trematodes
B- Cestodes
C- Nematodes
D- Acanthocephalids
B- Cestodes