Unit Test: cells Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration
Process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen
Active transport
Active transport is the movement of a substance from low concentration to high concentration
(against its concentration gradient)
What does aerobic respiration produce how many
Roughly 36 ATP
Where does aerobic respiration occur
The mitochondria
What is the first step in aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
What is the second step in aerobic respiration
Citric acid cycle
Is the third process in aerobic respiration
Electron transport system
What is aerobic respiration used for
Working your muscles, growth and repair of cells, building a larger molecules from smaller ones, allowing chemicals are reactions to take place, absorbing molecules and active transport, keeping your body temperature constant, sending messages along or’s
Define anaerobic respiration
A form of respiration using electronic transports other than oxygen
Which cells use anaerobic respiration
Mostly in prokaryotes
What are the stages of anaerobic respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Product of anaerobic respiration
Carbon dioxide, ATP
Where is anaerobic respiration located
Mitochondria
What is ATP
ATP is considered to be the energy currency of life: high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do
Where is ATP synthesized
Mitochondria
Is the process by which the ATP is synthesized
Glycolysis
What is ADP
ADP is an ingredient for DNA. It is converted to ATP to release and store energy
Define chemosynthesis
In places in the world such as the seafloor where son cannot provide energy chemosynthesis is the process by which animals on the seafloor obtain energy through chemicals.
Define concentration gradient
The movement of high concentration to low concentration- kind of like diffusion
Define electron transport chain
Series of enzymes embedded in the membrane takes the electron carriers electrons and uses their energy for pumping protons increasing protein concentration
Define endocytosis
During endocytosisThe cell membrane folds into a pouch surrounding particles outside the cell.
What is formed to allow particles to move inside the cell during endocytosis
transport vesicle
Define exocytosis
The opposite of endocytosis. Particles are transported out of the cell. A vesicle containing Waste or cell products Ruth toward the cell membrane and fuses with it as the contents inside the vesicle are secreted
Defined facilitated diffusion
Also known as passive transport, The movement of a substance from low concentration to high concentration
What is glycolysis
Glycolysis is the source of ATP
Is a series of reaction that breaks down sugars while producing ATP
When does glycolysis occur
The cell needs energy
Where does glycolysis occur
In the cytoplasm
Define hydrophilic
Having a tendency to mix with dissolve in or be wetted by water
Define hydrophobic
Tending to repel or fail to mix with water
What is a phospholipid made of
A Phosphate group and a lipid
The head is
Hydrophilic
The tail is
Hydrophobic
Define semi permeable
Allowing some molecules to go through the membrane while others cannot
The phospholipid bilayer forms the barrier between
The interior of the cell and the exterior
What are two major types of transport
Passive transport and active transport
What are the subtypes of passive transport
Die fusion, facilitated I fusion, and osmosis
What are some types of active transport
Protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis
Why does endocytosis require energy and therefore is considered active transport
The Selmore sits shape around the particle and envelopes it this requires energy
How do organisms perform cell respiration
Cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm and through a complex series of metabolic processes they break down the carbohydrates and release the energy
