Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is microevolution

A

Change in a single gene pool (alleles)

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2
Q

Is macro evolution

A

Change above the species level like feathers on birds characteristics that create new taxa: evidence seen in fossils

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3
Q

Who is George Cuvier

A

Scientist that proposed catastrophism. Found that each stratum of earth had different fossils, some species completely disappeared in more recent layers.

Catastrophism stated that species disappeared you to catastrophic events of the earth’s crust

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4
Q

Who is Hutton

A

Scottish geologist who studied in vertebrate fossils

Posed that changes in Earth’s crust are due to slow, gradual, continuous processes (gradualism)

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5
Q

Why were Hutton’s theories of graduism important

A

They were based on the idea that the earth has a long history and is constantly changing

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6
Q

Was Charles Lyell

A

The scientist that came up with the theory of uniformitarianism States that geological processes that alter the earth are uniform through time and result in slow continuous actions
Proposed that the earth was millions of years old instead of thousands of years old

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7
Q

Who is Lamarck

A

A scientist proposed that evolution occurs through the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Organisms develop new traits by using or not using body parts called the law of use and disuse. Said acquired traits are passed on to offspring

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8
Q

Prior to Darwin which two ideas prevailed

A

Earth is less than 10,000 years old and relatively unchanging
Species are fixed/permanent

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9
Q

Who is Charles Darwin

A

I love the idea of natural selection which is in the mechanism for evolution after observing organisms on a five-year voyage on the HMS beagle,1831

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10
Q

Is Darwinian fitness

A

Determined by an organisms ability to survive and reproduce to pass on traits

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11
Q

What was Darwin’s theory of giraffes

A

Are wind believed the giraffes is next linked in overtime because there was variation in length in the population. Giraffes with the longer next could reach the leaves in tall trees therefore they survive to reproduce passing on these change the offspring and overtime the longnecked giraffes replaced the Shortneck giraffes

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12
Q

Who is Thomas Malthus

A

A scientist who discovered struggle for existence: population size is limited by the availability of resources (carrying capacity)

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13
Q

Who was Alfred Russell Wallace

A

Scientist who believed that organisms evolved from common ancestors: published an essay discussing the process of natural selection in before Darwin.

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14
Q

What is evolution

A

Change over time in the genetic composition of the population, evolution leads to new species

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15
Q

Scientist who’s ideas about evolution and adaption influenced Darwin

A

Lamarck

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16
Q

Ship Darwin traveled

A

Beagle

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17
Q

Change over time

A

Evolution

18
Q

Explanation of natural events that is supported by evidence and can be tested with new evidence

A

Theory

19
Q

Economist whose ideas about human population influenced Darwin

A

Malthus

20
Q

Homologous structure that is greatly reduced in size

A

Vestigial

21
Q

Geologist who influenced Darwin

A

Lyell

22
Q

Inherited characteristics that increases an organisms chance of survival

A

Adaption

23
Q

Type of selection in which humans humans select the variations

A

Artificial

24
Q

Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

A

Fitness

25
Q

Survival of the fittest

A

Natural selection

26
Q

Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

A

Homologous

27
Q

Scientist whose ideas about evolution were the same as darwins

A

Wallace

28
Q

Geologist who influenced Darwin

A

Hutton

29
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of where organisms live now and where they lived in the past

30
Q

Fossil record

A

The chronological collection of life’s remains in rock layers

31
Q

Law of superposition

A

Older rocks tend to be the bottom layers while younger rocks are on top

32
Q

Intrusion

A

When a younger rock layer breaks through the older rock layers

33
Q

Homologous structures

A

Structures with a similar anatomy due to a common evolutionary origin

34
Q

Analogous structures

A

Similarities among unrelated species. these structures have similar functions but are not similar in structure/internal anatomy
Not evidence of evolution

35
Q

Convergent evolution

A

The process in which unrelated organism from similar environments have similar adaptions

36
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Remnants of structures that may have had important functions in a species ancestors but have no clear or reduced function in some of the modern species/descendants

37
Q

Which organisms develop similarly

A

Embryo logical related organisms

38
Q

What is shared genetic code?

A

DNA based sequences determine the amino acid sequences of proteins.

39
Q

Species with DNA and protein sequences that match closely

A

Are closely related

Have a relatively recent common ancestor

40
Q

What is artificial selection

A

Process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits