Friday Quiz

Question 1

Variation leads to

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

Morfitt phenotypes produced more ____

Answer 2

Offspring

Question 3

What is allele frequency

Answer 3

Number of times an allele appears in a gene pool

Has nothing to do with whether an allele is dominant or recessive

Question 4

What involves changes in allele frequency in a gene pool overtime

Answer 4

Evolution

Question 5

Population does evolve true or false

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Individuals do evolve true or false

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Natural selection affects

Answer 7

Individuals

Question 8

Survival/death effects

Answer 8

The whole population

Question 9

What are the sources of variation

Answer 9

Mutations
Sexual recombination (meiosis)
Lateral gene transfer (bacteria use pili to pick up new genes)

Question 10

How does natural selection affect phenotype

Answer 10

Natural selection on single gene traits—>allele frequency changes—>changes in phenotype

Question 11

How does natural selection affect more than one gene trait

Answer 11

Natural selection on polygenetic trait affect the fitness levels of various phenotypes which leads to three possible types of selection

Question 12

What is directional selection

Answer 12

Where individuals of one extreme have a higher fitness than those in the middle or other extreme

Question 13

What is stabilizing selection

Answer 13

Where individuals in the middle have a higher fitness than either of the extremes

Question 14

What is disruptive selection

Answer 14

Where individuals at both extremes have a higher fitness than those in the middle

Question 15

What is speciation

Answer 15

Making new species

Question 16

What is a species

Answer 16

Organisms that are able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 17

What events caused the formation of a new species

Answer 17

Genetic changes
Environmental pressure
Biotic and abiotic factors
Isolating mechanisms

Question 18

Define isolating mechanisms

Answer 18

Events that cause organisms to become reproductively isolated Drive the evolution of new species

Question 19

Behavioral isolation

Answer 19

Depends on mating rituals that allow them to vary from other species. Changes in their behavior

Question 20

Geographical isolation

Answer 20

Members of the population become separated from another population by geographical barriers that prevent the interchange of genes between the separated populations

For example two types of squirrels being separated by the Grand Canyon

Question 21

Temporal isolation

Answer 21

Species breed/flowers – meet at different times

fireflies – often Breed at different times of night or flowers that bloom at different times of year

Question 22

Agents of evolutionary change

Answer 22

Mutation 
Gene flow
Nonrandom mating 
Generic drift 
Selection

Question 23

Mutation

Answer 23

Causes novel traits to show up through a change in nucleotide sequence

Typically happens slowly. Mutations occur about 1 to 10 times for every hundred thousand cell divisions

Mutation rates are not affected by natural selection

Question 24

Gene flow

Answer 24

Gene flow is the movement of alleles from one population to another

This will introduce new alleles to a population. If these do organisms can survive and reproduce, the gene pool of the population is changed.

Examples include bees pollinating flowers or most oceanic animals

Question 25

Nonrandom mating

Answer 25

Some organisms will meet with organisms of a similar genotype, avoiding a random mating

Question 26

What is inbreeding

Answer 26

A common form of nonrandom meeting. Inbreeding does not change the frequency of alleles, it creates more homozygous individuals.

Question 27

What are examples of nonrandom meeting

Answer 27

Self fertilizing plants, or purebred domestic animals

Question 28

Genetic drift

Answer 28

Random fluctuation of gene frequency for random chance

This random chance can radically change the gene frequencies in a population through Fenno Mena like the bottleneck effect and founder effect

Question 29

What is the bottleneck effect

Answer 29

Happen when a drastic change occurs in a population leaving only a few survivors (natural disasters, disease, overhunting)
Offspring will resemble the survivors simply because those are the only jeans left

Question 30

Founder affects

Answer 30

Occur when a few organisms from a species in habit a new area
Since they are the only representatives of their species the offspring will resemble the only jeans available

Question 31

Natural selection

Answer 31

There is a variation in a population
More organisms are born and then will survive
Survival is not random
Advantageous traits must be heritable

Question 32

Classification system

Answer 32

The grouping of organisms based upon their similarities

Question 33

Classification is also known as

Answer 33

Taxonomy (the science of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms)

Question 34

Evolutionary relationships in taxonomy

Answer 34

Based on three things: how Mollica structures, DNA evidence, embryological similarities

Question 35

Cladistics

Answer 35

And approach to biological classification where organisms are grouped together based on whether or not they have one or more shared unique characteristics that come from the groups last Common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors

Question 36

Cladograms

Answer 36

Branching diagrams that show how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics

Question 37

Define gene pool

Answer 37

The set of all jeans, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species