Enzymes Flashcards
Example of activation energy
Mount of energy required to muster up and push a snowball up a hill and down it
Define activation energy
Energy required for a reaction to start
Define enzymes
Proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction
How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction helping it to occur faster
What do enzymes not to do
They do not consume a reaction-
Simply help it to occur-
Not add snow to your snowball just make it easier to make a snowball
What can enzymes do
Break molecules apart, build or add molecules, and even rearrange them
What happens to the change and energy at the start and end of the chemical reaction
The change and energy remains the same between the start and end of a chemical reaction
Define a substrate
Substance or molecule on which an enzyme functions
How does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaction
Since enzyme catalyzes reactions by randomly colliding with substrate molecules, increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction, forming more product.
What can occur when temperature also increases the vibrational energy
Puts a strain on the bonds that hold enzyme molecules together
What will happen as a result of the strain
Are bonds, especially the week are hydrogen and ionic bonds will break. Breaking bonds with in the enzyme will cause the active site to change shape
What will happen as a result to the active sites shaped change
The change in shape means that the active site is less complementary to the shape of the substrate, so that it is less likely to catalyze the reaction. Eventually the enzyme will become denatured and will no longer function
This will decrease the rate of reaction
What is the enzymes optimum temperature
The temperature at which the maximum rate of reaction occurs
How does pH acidity affect enzyme activity
Ions are charged and therefore interfere with hydrogen and ionic bonds that hold together and enzyme since they will be attracted or pulled by the charge is created by the bonds.
What happens as a result of the ions interference
Causes a change in shape of an enzyme and importantly, it’s active site
What happens if there’s any change in pH above or below the optimum
Quickly cause a decrease in the rate of reaction, since more of the enzyme molecules will have active sites who’s sheets are not complementary to the shape of their substrate
How does concentration affect activity
Changing the enzyme and substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
Controlling these factors in a cell is one way that
An organism regulates is enzyme activity and so it’s metabolism
As the concentration proceeds…
The rate of reaction will decrease since the substrate will get used up
What is the initial reaction rate
Highest rate of reaction – maximum reaction rate for an enzyme in an experimental situation
Why will increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction?
More substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules so more products will be formed
How does enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity
Increasing enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction has more enzymes will be colliding with substrate molecules
