Punett and pedigree Flashcards
Define a karyotype
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the nuclei
Define a gene
A segment of DNA
Down syndrome
Chromosome defect, extra copy of chromosome 21
Turner syndrome
Female is either partly or completely missing in X-chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
Syndrome in which males have an extra X-chromosome
Mulligans chromosome
A pair of chromosomes that contain the same gene sequence
AutoZomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
What is a haploid
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
What is a diploid
Two complete sets of chromosomes
Fertilization
Fusion of male and female gametes
Zygote
Fertilized gamete
Gamete
Egg or sperm
Meiosis
Cell division that results in four daughter cells
Crossing over
Exchange of genes between Homologous chromosomes
Nondisjunction
Failure of chromosomes to separate normally
Alleles
One of the two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation
Homozygous
Two identical jeans at the corresponding Loki of homologous chromosomes
Heterozygous
Two or more different versions of alleles at least one of its jeans
Dominant traits
Treat that results from the expression of the dominant allele
Recessive trait
Trait that result from the expression up to recessive allele’s
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an individual organism
Phenotype
Characteristics of an individual
Codominance
Two alleles equally expressed
Example: check her chickens
Incomplete dominance
Mixing a blending of two phenotypes
Sample: read flour and white flower let you to make pink flower
Multiple alleles
When more than two allele forms are present in the population
Example: blood type
Pleoitrophy
When one allele has multiple effects
Example sickle cell and Coloration slashed cross side of Siamese cats
Epistasis
A gene
at one locus affects/alters the phenotype expression of a gene add a second locus
Example: golden golden retrievers
Polygenetic inheritance
Quantitive characteristics; edict of effect of 20 or more genes on a single phenotype
Sample: height and skin color
Sex linked traits
Genes attached to the chromosome
Example hemophilia and color blindness
What is a carrier
Individual that has one copy of a recessive allele and does not exhibit the trait
Law of segregation
During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregates so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
