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Biology > Punett and pedigree > Flashcards

Punett and pedigree Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define a karyotype

A

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the nuclei

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1
Q

Define a gene

A

A segment of DNA

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2
Q

Down syndrome

A

Chromosome defect, extra copy of chromosome 21

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3
Q

Turner syndrome

A

Female is either partly or completely missing in X-chromosome

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4
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

Syndrome in which males have an extra X-chromosome

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5
Q

Mulligans chromosome

A

A pair of chromosomes that contain the same gene sequence

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6
Q

AutoZomes

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

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7
Q

What is a haploid

A

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

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8
Q

What is a diploid

A

Two complete sets of chromosomes

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9
Q

Fertilization

A

Fusion of male and female gametes

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10
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized gamete

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11
Q

Gamete

A

Egg or sperm

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12
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division that results in four daughter cells

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13
Q

Crossing over

A

Exchange of genes between Homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Failure of chromosomes to separate normally

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15
Q

Alleles

A

One of the two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation

16
Q

Homozygous

A

Two identical jeans at the corresponding Loki of homologous chromosomes

17
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two or more different versions of alleles at least one of its jeans

18
Q

Dominant traits

A

Treat that results from the expression of the dominant allele

19
Q

Recessive trait

A

Trait that result from the expression up to recessive allele’s

20
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an individual organism

21
Q

Phenotype

A

Characteristics of an individual

22
Q

Codominance

A

Two alleles equally expressed

Example: check her chickens

23
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Mixing a blending of two phenotypes

Sample: read flour and white flower let you to make pink flower

24
Q

Multiple alleles

A

When more than two allele forms are present in the population
Example: blood type

25
Q

Pleoitrophy

A

When one allele has multiple effects

Example sickle cell and Coloration slashed cross side of Siamese cats

26
Q

Epistasis

A

A gene
at one locus affects/alters the phenotype expression of a gene add a second locus
Example: golden golden retrievers

27
Q

Polygenetic inheritance

A

Quantitive characteristics; edict of effect of 20 or more genes on a single phenotype
Sample: height and skin color

28
Q

Sex linked traits

A

Genes attached to the chromosome

Example hemophilia and color blindness

29
Q

What is a carrier

A

Individual that has one copy of a recessive allele and does not exhibit the trait

30
Q

Law of segregation

A

During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregates so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent

Biology (26 decks)

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