RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is one job in which most RNA molecules are involved
Protein synthesis
List three main differences between RNA and DNA
The sugar in RNA is ribose and the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
RNA is generally single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
RNA contains you were so in the place of thymine
What is the function of the messenger RNA
Carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell
What is the function of a ribosomal RNA
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins as well as ribosomal RNA
What is the function of transfer RNA
Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins
During transcription, DNA polymerase
Binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands
I already put Gracies is one strand of
DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA
Many RNA molecules from eukaryotic genes have sections, called ________ edited out of them before they become functional
Introns
The remaining pieces, called________ are spliced together
Exons
What are two explanations for why some are in a molecules are cut and spliced
To produce several different forms of RNA
Small changes in DNA sequences could have dramatic effects in gene expression
Proteins are made by joining_______ into long chains called polypeptides
Amino acids
How can for bases in RNA carry instructions for 20 different amino acids
The genetic code is read three letters at a time so that each word of the coded message is three bases long
What is a codon
Consists of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide
How many possible three base codons are there?
64
Is the following sentence true or false? All amino acids are specified by only one codon
False
What is the code on the combination that serves as the start codon for protein synthesis
AUG
What occurs during the process of translation
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
Where does translation take place
Cytoplasm
Before translation occurs…
Messenger RNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus
Is the job of transfer RNA to bring the proper amino acid into
The ribosomes to be attached to the growing peptide chain
What is an anti-codon
Each tRNA molecule has three unpaired bases called anti-codon are complimentary to one mRNA codon
MasterPlan
DNA
Blueprint
RNA
Remains in the nucleus
DNA
Goes to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
RNA
Many proteins are _____ Which catalyze and regulate chemic reactions
Enzymes
Is the following sentence true or false? Jeans are the keys to almost everything that living cells do.
True
