UNIT 9 TERMS!! Flashcards
brain trust
who: group of trained intelligent individuals in politics and economics
what: informal advisors to FDR while he was in office
where:
when: after eletion of 1932
why: FDR valued progressivisn, pragmatism
significance: ideal of scientific management
illustrate FDR valuing opinions of experts
major influence for new deal + other policies enacted by FDR
kitchen debate
who: richard nixon + nikita khrushchev
what: debate between capitalism and communism
where:
when: 1959
why:
significance: illustrates cold war tensions
agricultural adjustment act
who: FDR, new deal
what: provided subsidies to farmers for them to destroy some of their crops
where:
when: 1933
why: goal of reducing crop supply to increase prices and help out struggling farmers
significance: creates a lot of food waste in a time where many non-farmers are struggling to feed themselves
high prices hurt consumers, US loses competitiveness in foreign markets
mostly benefits white commercial bonanza farmers, doesn’t help out sharecroppers
alger hiss
who:
what: communist accused of being a spy investigated and jailed by Nixon with very little evidence
where:
when: 1948
why: second red scare
significance: exemplifies how panic overrode judicial system
bay of pigs invasion
who: under JFK
what: failed invasion of cuba by us government
where:
when: 1961
why: attempt to restore anti-communist government in cuba, JFK doesn’t want to appear soft on communism
significance: led to cuban missile crisis in 1962
JFK humiliated and forced to pay ransom
berlin blockade
who: ussr
what: blockade of west berlin
where:
when: 1949
why: NATO formed to fulfill containment, soviet respods with warsaw pact and west berlin blockade
significance: us and britain respond with airlift of supplies into the city
high tensions, but no direct war
brown v board of education
who: argued by thurgood marshall
what: unanimous supreme court case which ended segregation in public schools
where:
when: 1954
why: segregation is inherently unequal
significance: reversed plessy v ferguson
white southern pushback
-> public schools shut down, white people put their kids in white only private schools
congress of industrial organizations
who:
what: new major national workers union in 1935
where:
when: 1935
why: split off from AFL
significance: included unskilled workers, women, minorities
worked with national labor relations board under wagner act in second new deal
civilian conservation corp
who: FDR
what: public works and conservation to temporarily employ unemployed after great depression
where:
when: 1933
why: part of first new deal
if more people are employed and have income they will buy stuff and boost the economy
significance: beneficial to unemployed people, national park system
containment
who: truman, eisenhower, term created by george kennan
what: strategy to limit the spread of communism, implemented by supporting countries creating non-communist governments or who are threatened by nearby communist governments
where:
when: late 1940s through cold war
why: prevent spread of communism
significance: implemented in truman doctrine and eisenhower doctrine
court packing plan
who: FDR
what: attempt to add more justices to supreme court in attempt to sway it to his side
where:
when: beginning with second term in 1936
why: supreme court is striking down new deal legislation
significance: empowers republican opposition, claiming FDR is becoming a dictator
cuban missile crisis
who:
what: ussr puts missiles in cuba
jfk blockades cuba
where:
when: 1962
why: after bay of pigs invasion, ussr stations missiles in cuba
significance: exemplifies brinkmanship, got very very close to war
ends with agreement that if us gets rid of missiles in turkey and italy and promises not to invade, ussr won’t invade cuba
jfk becomes a hero for preventing war!!
d-day
who:
what: assault on coast of normandy, hundreds of thousands of allied troops sent in
where: normandy, france
when: 1944
why: allies finally open second front to help out russia
significance: beginning of the end of ww2
tides begin to shift in favor of allies
destroyers for bases deal
who: us and uk
what: us provides boats and uk provides bases
where:
when: 1940
why: public is still very opposed to joining war
significance: shows us involvement in ww2 before officially joining, support of allies
dixiecrats
who:
what: southern democrats who didn’t like that truman desegregated the military
where:
when: election of 1948
why: illustrate conflict within democrat party
significance: don’t effectively split vote and truman wins surprisingly
eisenhower doctrine
who:
what: foreign policy under eisenhower
us will support any state threatened by communism in middle east
where:
when: after election of 1952
why: containment strategy in response to communism
significance:
election of 1932
who: republicans: hoover (renominated)
democrats: roosevelt
what:
where: roosevelt wins with landslide because nobody likes hoover
when:
why: roosevelt seen as more electable - protestant, charismatic, reform minded, good advisors
significance: promises improvement, optimism in acceptance speech
election of 1948
who: democrats - truman
republicans - dewey
dixiecrats - strom thurman
progressives - henry wallace
what:
where:
when:
why: truman expected to lose due to party divisions in democrat
significance: truman wins narrowly, but knows he needs to appeal to strong anti-communists -> push in that direction
executive order 9066
who: fdr
what: japanese internment
where:
when: 1942
why: pearl harbor, government is afraid of japanese disloyalty
significance: culmination of a history of zenophobia, rampant racism
FDIC
who:
what: federal deposit insurance corporation
creates insurance for bank deposits
where:
when: 1933
why: part of first new deal, aim to protect investments and prevent disasters like those with the great depression
significance: still going today
fair deal
who: truman
what: domestic reform program
where:
when:
why:
significance: employment act of 1946 creates employment in military industry, pushes formation of military industrial complex
fireside chats
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
frances perkins
who:
what: secretary of labor under FDR
first woman in a cabinet post
where:
when:
why:
significance: pushed for minimum wage max workweek and limit on child labor, creation of ccc, social security
hiroshima/nagasaki
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
house un-american activities commitee
who:
what: investigated suspected communists during second red scare
did the alger hiss case
where:
when:
why:
significance: blacklisted a lot of people, created unfair cases
joseph mccarthy
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
korematsu v us
who: korematsu convicted for violating order to fulfill internment
what: upheld internment, justified by wartime conditions
where:
when:
why:
significance:
lend-lease
who:
what: us provides wartime supplies to allies in ww2
us involvement in ww2 before actually joining the fight due to idea of joining being very unpopular
where:
when:
why:
significance:
manhattan project
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
marshall plan
who:
what: attempt to improve economies of western and southern european countries damaged by ww2
economic aid, restoration of industrial and agricultural production, expansion of trade
very successful
where:
when: 1948
why:
significance:
martin luther king jr
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
national industrial recovery act 1933
who:
what: meant to stabilize businesses
part of new deal number 1
creates national recovery administration
- passes industrial codes businesses need to agree too
- allows some monopolies to continue existing
- allows unions
- no child labor
- minimum wage, max working hours
- public workd administration
where:
when: 1933
why:
significance:
nato
who:
what: military alliance, attempt to strengthen capitalist countries against ussr
helped out by marshall pla
ussr responds with warsaw pact
where:
when: 1949
why:
significance:
neutrality acts
who:
what: laws passed to limit us involvement in future wars
result of ww1, nobody wants more war
forbades sale of war material or transportation to warring countries
where:
when: 1935-1939
why:
significance:
new deal
who:
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
new frontier
who:
what: political slogan used by jfk
stimulate economy with new social policies (min wage increase, urban renewal)
go to moon
civil rights eventually
seems radical but didn’t make much change
where:
when:
why:
significance:
nye committee
who:
what: us response to rising authoritarianism leading up to ww2
investigating us financial interests in ww1
creates public support for neutrality
where:
when:
why:
significance:
office of price administration
who: ???
what:
where:
when:
why:
significance:
potsdam conferece
who:
what: fdr dies and truman takes over
allied conference
negotiated terms for end of ww2
military occupation and reconstruction of germany
trying to avoid mistakes of paris peace conference 1919
where:
when:
why:
significance:
schechter v NRA
who:
what: abolishes nira because it gave too much power to president and industry
where:
when:
why:
significance:
share our wealth
who:
what: huey long
wealth redistribution to stimulate economy
a lot of proposals were adopted in new deal
where:
when:
why:
significance:
soak the rich
who: FDR
what: 1935 wealth tax
brings in additional revenue for government
rich, conservatives, businesses don’t like it
where:
when:
why:
significance:
social security act
who:
what: creates old age pension
only covers employed people
takes money out of economy with tax on salary
where:
when: 1935
why:
significance:
taft-hartley act
who:
what: unions need to provide cool off period before strikes, cant contribute to political campaigns, have to swear no communist membership -> decrease in union enrollment
where:
when: 1947
why:
significance:
tennessee valley authority
who:
what: first new deal
natural resource planning body created by federal government
where:
when: 1933
why: improve the quality of life in tennessee valley after great depression
control flooding, provide electricity
show more direct involvement in well being of citizens
significance:
truman doctrine
who:
what: us should support countries threatened by communism / soviets
greece, turkey
focused on europe vs eisenhower doctrine
more direct military aid than eisenhower
late 1940s
where:
when:
why:
significance:
wagner act
who:
what: same as national labor relations act
Protected right to labor unions and collective bargaining
Later weakened with taft Hartley act
Created national.labor relations board to negotiate between workers and companies
where:
when:
why:
significance:
war production board
who: fdr
what: directed conversion of industrial production to creation of weapons and war supplies
Rationed important materials for war production
where:
when:
why:
significance:
works progress admin
who:
what:
employed unemployed after great depression to work on public works projects such as building roads
successful in employing millions
where:
when: 1935
why:
significance:
yalta congress
who:
what: meeting of main allied leaders to plan final defeat of germany in ww2
germany divided into occupied zones
where:
when:
why:
significance:
