Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
3/5 compromise
who: delegates at philadelphia convention
what: agreement that an enslaved person would be counted as 3/5 of a person when counting a state’s population
where: philadelphia convention
when: 1787
why: conflict between southern slave states (wanted slaves to count as population to get more say in government) vs northern non-slave states (didn’t want slaves to count as population so that the south doesn’t get too much say)
significance: example of big compromise made in constitutional (philadelphia) convention, example of slavery being allowed to continue by early colonial gov
alien + sedition acts
who: federalist john adams
what: alien part requires immigrants to live in the use for 14 years before becoming a citizen and being able to vote
sedition part makes it a crime to ‘incite riots’ or speak out against gov (violation of natural rights!!!)
where: usa
when: 1798
why: result of xyz affair - attempt to strengthen authority of federalist central government
many migrants are also republican and adams is a federalist, so he wants them to have less voting power
significance: crazy controversial
causes kentucky-virginia resolves
anti-federalists
who: politicians who don’t like the idea of a stronger central government like is in the constitution
what: political movement (not political party) in opposition to the ratification of the constitution
where: US
when: 1788 + before
why: more fans of states rights vs federal government
significance: conflict resulted in the creation of the bill of rights, which protected personal liberties and stuff
battle of fallen timbers
who: US vs northwest indian confederation
what: battle between US and natives in northwest territory
where: northwest territory (ohio region)
when: 1794
why: treaty of paris at end of revolution gave US this northwest territory land, but natives were opposed to settlers expanding into this area -> conflict
significance: US victory ended conflict over this land area
resulted in 1795 treaty of greenville which created a definite border for US expansion and allowed more settlers to move west into northwest territory
bill of rights
who: US constitutional gov, madison
what: first amendments to constitution
declare individual rights and limit the power of both state and federal governments
where: US
when: 1791
why: created in response to anti-federalist tensions. goal of making them feel better about the stronger federal government not infringing on their rights, though it didn’t really limit the federal government too much
significance: promising this convinced several states to ratify constitution
boston massacre
who: protesters in Boston vs british soldiers
what: british kill five us colonists
where: boston
when: 1770
why: workers were protesting the british
significance: motivated a lot of people to become more radical in their disagreement with british and support of unification or independence
elastic clause
who: constitution
what: necessary and proper clause
gives congress power to do anything not listed in constitution as long as it is
‘necessary and proper’
where: constitution
when: 1788
why: gives additional power to federal government over state governments
significance: used to justify actions of loose constructionists (technically the constitution gives us implied powers!!)
used to create national bank
election of 1800
who: federalist adams vs republican jefferson
what: referred to as bloodless revolution. jefferson beats adams and becomes president
where: usa
when: 1800
why: jefferson + burr get same number of votes, so it is deferred to house of representatives
significance: end of federalist legacy, introduction of two party system of political parties
embargo act
who: jefferson
what: declaration that the us will cut off all trade with everyone!!
where: us
when: 1807
why: result of rising tensions with british during jefferson’s second term
-> chesapeake-leopard affair: people are calling for war, but jefferson previously greatly decreased power of military + navy so we can’t fight back!!
significance: really bad
causes economic depression in us
doesn’t impact britain very much at all because they weren’t that reliant on trade with us
causes tensions with new england merchants - this is an abuse of civil liberties!! stop interfering with our trade
-> essex junto
federalist papers
who: hamilton, madison, john jay
what: essays written by hamilton, madison, and john jay arguing for the new constitution
where: us
when: 1787-88
why: to persuade people to support the constitution!!
significance: were successful (the constitution was ratified actually!)
funding + assumption
who: ALEXANDER HAMILTON
what: plan by hamilton to fund federal debts and assume state debts. also involved creation of a national debt
where: the us
when: 1790
why: economy was not great. this would strengthen economy + concentrate power in federal government
significance: created first major conflict within constitutional government - states don’t want to be responsible for the debts accumulated by other states.
creates taxes
national bank was not mentioned in constitution (strict bs loose constructionists)
furthers formation of dual political parties
great (connecticut) compromise
who: R Sherman
what: compromise codified into constitution. created bicameral legislature - one house is based on state populations, while the other gives the same representation for every state
where: philadelphia convention
when: 1788
why: opposing virginia plan and new jersey plans had been proposed, disagreement between larger and smaller states
significance: example of major compromise made in creation of constitution to settle disputes between states
intolerable acts
who: british colonial goverment
what: further strengthened british control over boston / massachusetts
prevented colonial political organization
allowed catholics to work in colonial government (protestants don’t like this!!)
where: future US colonies, largest impact in boston
when: 1774
why: punishment for boston tea party + response to rising anti-colonial sentiment in colonies
significance: motivated people to become more radical in their views of the british. people saw what was happening to boston and feared that it could happen to them
justified first continental congress
jay’s treaty
who: john jay
what: british agreement to take their people out of us ports
where: us, britain
when: 1794
why: british and french are violating us shipping rights + attacking our ships!! we have to stop this
significance: really not effective at all
the british continue to attack our ships and we really dont get much out of it in the short term
in the long term though it stabilizes relationship with britain
judiciary act of 1789
who: washington
what: established federal court system
courts at different levels, supreme court on top with final jurisdiction
where: us
when: 1789
why: washington saw a need for national court system in newly constitutional government, settled disputes between states
significance: set up basic outline for us court system still in place today!
