Unit 3 Vocab D: Flashcards
American Colonization Society
Who: some influential political figures
What: organization with purpose of relocating free african americans to africa
Where: us
When: began 1817
Why: idea at the time that integration of free african americans into white society is not possible and undersireable
slavery is bad but we dont want the free slaves here
Significance: illustrates prevailing view of slavery during period of missouri compromise in north - its not that people were super against slavery and super for the rights of african americans, they were still all racist
American System
Who: henry clay
What: bank, tariff, internal improvements
Where: us
When: 1815 (end of war of 1812)
Why: result of war of 1815, attempt to unify national market economy after devastating invasion of canada
Significance: lots of developments to economy!
north likes it, south doesn’t like any of it
Andrew Jackson
Who:
What: president of us from 1829-1837 military figure in war of 1812
Where: us
When: 1829-1837
Why: appealed to common man, anti-intellectualism -> popularity
Significance: first western noneducated president
first democrat president
populism
spoils system
Boston Associates
Who: francis c lowell
What: group of investors who built early textile factories in MA
Where: MA
When: 1813
Why: profit!!
Significance: drove industrialization of american northeast
Cherokee Nation v Georgia
Who: i think its self explanatory
What: georgia encroaching on cherokee land
Where: georgia
When: 1831
Why: georgis has increasing amounts of white settlement and there has been gold discovered in cherokee land :0
Significance: cherokee wins (!!)
but they are considered a domestic dependent nation and not wovereign
Cotton Gin
Who: Eli Whitney
What: technological advancement that increased the processing speed of cotton
Where: used in deep south
When: 1793
Why: desire to make cotton growing / harvesting more efficient
Significance: increased production of cotton because now it is a lot easier to make
increases demand for cotton in factory system
Corrupt bargain
Who: supporters of andrew jackson
What: john quincy adams only became president due to a corrupt deal with henry clay >:(
Where: us
When: after election of 1824
Why: jackson won popular vote and was overall better liked, but adams won after the vote went to the house and clay (speaker of house at the time) sided with him and helped him win
Significance: shows discontent under john quincy adams, rising political conflict, many were alienated under him, popularity of jackson
Dartmouth v Woodward
Who: private university dartmouth vs state government of new hampshire
What: new hampshire tries to make dartmouth a public university, claiming that their contract is too old (pre US) to be followed
dartmouth wins
Where: us
When: 1819
Why: debate over powers of state governments
Significance: new hampshire cannot violate the college’s charter
limits government’s ability to control private companies
Election of 1828
Who: John quincy adams vs jackson
What: jackson wins in a landslide
Where: us
When: 1828
Why: popular support for jackson had been growing for a while due to populism + connection to common man
Significance: highly character driven campaign (very messy!!)
official splitting of the democratic republican party into national republicans (jq adams) and democrats (jackson)
Era of good feelings
Who: james monroe
What: era of high nationalism and decreased partisan divisions (only one political party)
Where: us
When: 1815-1821
Why: war of 1812 is over, only one political party
Significance: sense of unity in american history under monroe
development of a national culture in this period, developments like american system + missouri compromise attempt to create unity
Erie canal
Who: john quincy adams was president, dewitt clinton was governor of NY
What: canal connecting lake erie to hudson river
Where: state of NY
When: 1811, opens 1825
Why: desire to increase ease of transportation between northeast and west
Significance: connects north and west
increases farming in west and industrialization in north
Exposition and Protest
Who: john c calhoun
What: argument that states can just not follow unconstitutional laws, they should have the power of nullification
Where: south carolina (us)
When: 1828
Why: response to tariff of 1828 (tariff of abomination), no one really likes it
Significance: similar to kentucky virginia resolves as an argument for states having the power of nullification
Fletcher v peck
Who:
What: conflict over land sold by government under a law that was later repealed
Where: us
When: 1810
Why:
Significance: supreme court has judicial review power over state governments
protects property rights
Gibbons v ogden
Who: ogden + gibbons
What: ogden (guy granted a contract to use a river by state government) vs gibbons (guy granted same contract by federal government) -> conflict!!
gibbons wins
Where: us
When: 1824
Why: conflict over powers of state and federal governments
Significance: asserts federal government’s power over state governments
congress can regulate interstate trade
hartford convention
Who: federalist delegates
What: gathering to try to limit the country’s ability to declare war in the future
Where: connecticut
When: 1814 - 1815
Why: war of 1812 - federalists don’t like it and want to stop something like it from happening again
Significance: reflects badly on federalist party after war of 1812 when citizens think the us won “why were you working to stop the war?”
federalist party begins to die off
henry clay
Who:
What: political guy, war hawk
Where: us
When: american system - 1815
missouri compromise - 1820
Why:
Significance: created american system
helped john quincy adams win election of 1824
involved in missouri compromise
household system
same as cottage industry
Who:
What: system before industrialization where manufactured goods are produced in individual households for personal use
Where:
When: up to 1793 when first factory opened
Why:
Significance: changes with industrialization
production becomes centralized under a single roof, wage labor, production of consumer products with complex machines
indian removal act
Who: jackson
What: allows president to make treaties with natives to make them move west
Where: us
When: 1830
Why: us doesn’t want natives in its land
Significance: allowed trail of tears
john c calhoun
Who:
What: important political figure, warhawk
Where:
When: wrote exposition and protest in 1828
Why: fan of states rights
Significance: rival of jackson
john marshall
Who:
What: chief justice of supreme court
Where: us
When: 1801-1835
Why: ???
Significance: “the last federalist,” similar politics to hamilton
rulings generally favored federal government
log cabin campaign
Who: van buren vs wh harrison
What: campaign of william henry harrison for president
based around character rather than policy or anything like that
Where: us
When: 1840
Why: he’s a war hero!!
Significance: was successful!!!
macon’s bill #2
Who: nathaniel macon
What: proposed agreement to britain + france - if you stop attacking our ships, we will ally with you against the other one
Where: us, britain, france
When: 1810
Why: tensions are high with britain + france
Significance: france accepted offer first and causes the us to embargo britain
but it was actually a trick because napoleon keeps attacking our ships :(
marbury v madison
Who: marshall
What: see why
Where: us
When: 1803
Why: marbury given commission for federal judge position by adams, but is denied once jefferson comes into office
Significance: established judicial review - supreme court decides what is constitutional!!
martin van buren
Who: democrat
What: successor to jackson as president
Where: us
When: president 1837-1841
Why: anti american system
Significance: lost of bad things happened under him
economic downturn with panic of 1837 (he didnt cause it but he had to deal with it)
maysville road veto
Who: jackson
What: vetoes a proposed expansion of the cumberland road into kentucky
Where: kentucky
When: 1830
Why: doesn’t want to pass federal bills benefiting only one state - they should help the whole country
Significance: illustrates conflict between jackson and american system
idea that bills should benefit all states not just some
mcculloch v maryland
Who: us bank employee (mcculloch) vs maryland state gov
What: maryland state gov puts tax on bank of us + mcculloch sues them!!
rules in favor of mcculloch (federal gov)
Where: us
When: 1819
Why: debate over powers of federal + state goverments (loose vs strict constructionism)
Significance: bank of us is constitutional
states can’t tax federal government - federal has supremacy over states
missouri compromise
Who: monroe, proposed by henry clay
What: when a new slave state is added to the union, we will add a free state as well to balance out the distribution of power in congress
Where: us
When: 1820
Why: regional tensions due to missouri (slave state) applying for statehood, which would upset the balance between slave and free states in congress
Significance: calmed down regional tensions
illustrates sectional debate over slavery which would become big in upcoming civil war era, but also shows how things are mostly chill right now
monroe doctrine
Who: monroe
What: declaration that europe is not allowed to recolonize latin america. if you do then we will get involved
Where: us
When: 1823
Why: latin american countries have started gaining independence and (spain) is threatening to recolonize. us wants latin america to remain free because their countries could be good trade partners
Significance: early trend of us exerting its will on latin america
non-intercourse act
Who: jefferson
What: allows international trade, just not with france or britain
Where: us, france, britain
When: 1809
Why: less intense alternative to embargo act
Significance: cost the US a lot!! economic downturn is big
motivated industrialization (decreased access to european manufactured goods)
old national road / cumberland
Who: federal government under madison
What: road funded by federal government!!
Where: us
When: 1811-1837
Why: part of american system (internal improvements)
aims to unify country
Significance: only nationally funded road before 20th century
encouraged movement westward
panics of 1819 and 1837
Who: us, under monroe
What: financial panic!
Where: us
When: 1819
Why: industrialization -> development of national economy -> what hurts one part of economy hurts all of it now :0
bad bank leadership, land market bubble, failures in european markets
Significance: causes mistrust in us bank to increase
increases popularity of jackson (he doesn’t like the bank) -> increases political participation
tariff of 1828
pet banks
Who: jackson
What: regional banks where money is moved to from national bank
Where: us
When: 1832 (bank vetoed)
Why: federal bank has been vetoed
Significance: causes economic instability (inflation!!)
rush-bagot agreement
Who: us and great britain
What: agreement that demilitarizes great lakes region + border with canada
Where: canadian border
When: 1817
Why: result of war of 1812
Significance: example of how relations with europe eased after war of 1812 was resolved
things are more chill now :)
2nd american party system
Who: democrats + whigs
What: democrats: pro jackson, westward expansion, states right but also presidents rights, american system bad
whigs: anti jackson, pro american system, president has too much power
Where: us
When: established by election of 1836
Why: bank wars
Significance: used until 1850s
2nd bank of us
Who: henry clay
What: american system -> bank rechartered
Where: us
When: established 1816
Why: american system, wants to strengthen unified national economy after war of 1812
Significance: accomplished goal of strengthening national economy :)
spoils system
Who: jackson
What: when a new president is elected, they can put in place new government workers that align better with their politics
Where: us
When: 1829
Why: claimed to want to prevent career politicians, people staying in office for their whole lives, rotation in office
Significance: more officials from diverse regions
officials are maybe less qualified and chosen more based on their beliefs
tecumseh
Who: chief of shawnee tribe
What: organized unification of different natives tribe against us
Where: ohio country
When: 1811 (battle of tippecanoe)
Why: resisting against us encroachment on their territory
Significance: ultimately was not successful
example of attempted large scale resistance as result of us expansion westward
alliance with british -> us declares war -> war of 1812
trail of tears
Who: jackson
What: cherokees forced by military force to move westward
Where: forced to move from georgia region to modern day oklahoma
When: 1838-39
Why: treaty signed with a small group of cherokees not representative of entire tribe that forces them all to move out of their land and westward
Significance: 4,000 die
transcontinental treaty
adams onis treaty
Who: us and spain
What: us gets florida in return for forgiving $5 million in claims against spain
western boundary set from mississippi to pacific
Where: florida
When: 1819
Why: result of war of 1812
Significance: relations with europe are better after war of 1812
waltham system
Who: francis c lowell
What: system where all manufacturing steps are done under one roof
unmarried women hired as workers
Where: MA
When: 1813 (used by boston associates)
Why: efficiency!
Significance: mill girls made up a major demographic for factory workers during this time period
drove industrialization
eventually lost popularity when mill girls started forming unions
war of 1812 / treaty of ghent
Who: james madison
What: war between us and britain, peace agreement made to end war
Where: us v britain
When: 1812-1815
Why: war hawks, national honor, desire for land / economic freedom, tensions with native americans
Significance: treaty maintains past situation (no territory gained or lost)
ultimately increases american nationalism (we win the battle of new orleans and so our people think we won the whole war!)
causes rise of new national figures (military leaders like andrew jackson and william henry harrison)
webster-hayne debate
Who: webster + hayne
What: debate in senate over tariffs
Where: senate
When: 1830
Why:
Significance: ???
worcester v georgia
Who: white missionary living on cherokee land
What: conflict over whether or not state governments can interfere with native territory law
Where: georgia
When: 1832
Why: georgia passes law that white people are not allowed on cherokee land
Significance: state governments do not have the power to decide native american territory policy, only federal government can do that
