semester 2 terms Flashcards
teller amendment
Who: under mckinley
What: amendment declaring that the us will never annex cuba
Where:
When: 1898
Why: allow cuba to remain formally independent
Significance: still a lot of informal empire there but formally cuba is allowed to remain independent
after spanish american war
henry cabot lodge
Who: strong reservationist in senate
What: opposed to treaty of versailles
Where:
When: 1919
Why: league of nations could force the us to involve itself in war without congressional approval
Significance: eventually successfully keeps us from ratifying treaty of versailles
bay of pigs invasion
who: under JFK
what: failed invasion of cuba by us government
where:
when: 1961
why: attempt to restore anti-communist government in cuba, JFK doesn’t want to appear soft on communism
significance: led to cuban missile crisis in 1962
JFK humiliated and forced to pay ransom
new freedom
who:woodrow wilson
what: democrat campaign platform - no monopolies, small government
where:
when: election of 1912
why: progressive!
significance: didn’t really follow through with it
- federal reserve act was more big government
reaganomics
who: reagan 1980-88
what: economic policy
increasing defense spending
reducing income tax
reducing gov regulations
where:
when: 1980-1988
why: attempt to stop inflation
significance:bulk of tax cuts help out rich, wealth doesn’t trickle down like intended
lochner v ny
Who: under roosevelt
What: case over new york law limiting the number of hours bakers could work
Where:
When: 1905
Why: new york law limiting working hours for bakers declared unconstitutional, violates freedom to work
Significance: loss for progressives, later mueller v oregon achieves limiting hours for laundresses in oregon but is maybe sexist
Geraldine Ferraro
Who: politician
What: ran as democratic VP to Mondale in election of 1984
Where:
When: 1984
Why: hoped to appeal to female voters, but not as unified as expected
discredited
Significance: first woman to run as VP!
Cross of Gold Speech
Who: william jennings bryan
What: electrifying speech supporting silver in currency and tearing down gold standard
Where:
When: 1896
Why: gold standard causes deflation which hurts farmers
Significance: represents increase in partisan divisions over gold standard
really motivated democrats to nominate bryan for president
bonus army
Who: ww1 veterans, hoover
What: gathering to demand bonus payment early
Where: dc
When: 1932
Why: were promised a bonus payment for a future date, but due to the economic depression they wanted it early
Significance: hoover responded with military action, looks really bad!
iranian hostage crisis
Who: carter, reagan
What: us embassy taken over in iran with hostages
Where: iran
When: 1979-1981
Why: US lets former shah into country for medical aid, embassy in iran taken over!
Significance: carter failed rescue in 1980 -> losing credibility
hostages freed on first day of reagan in office
social gospel
Who: josiah strong
What: protestant religious movement
we should help the people who need it before focusing on converting them
Where:
When: late 19th century
Why: catholic church has been doing a better job at helping needy people, while protestants were more focused on money and getting donations
Significance: example of how efforts to help immigrants and lower class people was limited to smaller institutions and individuals, not on a government level
henry kissinger
Who:
What: secretary of state under nixon, worked very closely together
Where:
When: 1968-1974
Why: detente, realpolitik
Significance: used shuttle diplomacy to end opec oil embargo, detente with russia, peace with china
underwood tariff
Who: wilson
What: lowers tariffs
Where:
When: 1913
Why:
Significance: exemplifies small government part of new freedom
helps democrats win election of 1912
huey p long
Who:
What: american politician, advocated for wealth redistribution
Where:
When: 1930s
Why:
Significance: share the wealth idea - wealth redistribution to stimulate economy
many proposals would be adopted in new deal
irreconcilables
Who: most vocal = william borah
What: senators who opposed the treaty of versailles in any form due to the inclusion of the league of nations
Where:
When: 1919
Why: league of nations would force us to go to war without congress approval!!
Significance: ultimately successful in preventing treaty of versailles from passing
northern securities case
Who: northern securities company
under roosevelt
What: case regarding northern securities company violating the sherman antitrust act
Where:
When: 1904
Why: sherman antitrust act
Significance: northern securities company dissolved for monopolistic practices
sets precedent for more antitrust suits
eisenhower doctrine
who:
what: foreign policy under eisenhower
us will support any state threatened by communism in middle east
where:
when: after election of 1952
why: containment strategy in response to communism
significance:
1964 civil rights act
who: lyndon b johnson
what: prohibits discrimination on basis of sex, race, religion, color, national origin
desegregation
equal opportunity employment commission
title VII - gender
where:
when: 1964
why: civil rights!!
significance: very important
new frontier
who:
what: political slogan used by jfk
stimulate economy with new social policies (min wage increase, urban renewal)
go to moon
civil rights eventually
where:
when: 1961-1963
why:
significance: seems radical but didn’t make much change
de lome letter
Who: by spanish ambassador to mckinley
What: letter criticiing mckinley
Where:
When: 1898
Why: mckinley is weak for only wanting the favor of the crowd
Significance: humilitates mckinley
used as justification for spanish american war
Victoriano Huerta
military dictator of mexico
overthrown in mexican civil war in 1914 partially by pancho villa who was supported by woodrow wilson
illustrates wilson’s willingness to intervene in latin america
pancho villa
helped overthrow huerta with support of wilson
open door notes
Who: under mckinley
What: declarations by the us that all world powers should be able to use china’s ports equally
china should remain independent
china should treat all powers equally
Where:
When: 1899, 1902
Why: everyone else had been dividing up china so that different countries can trade at different ports
Significance: example of us interest in expanding its informal empire to china
