Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
AFL
Who: sam gompers
What: american federation of labor
successor to knights of labor
Where: us
When: 1886
Why: knights of labor losing popularity due to haymarket strike
want to focus more on bread and butter issues - wages, hours, conditions
Significance: limited to white male skilled workers -> solves the problem of too much diversity of knights of labor
Bonanza farming
Who:
What: large scale farming technique
companies buy up large amounts of land and industrialize farming process, use monocropping, mostly produced grain
Where: western us
When: late 19th century (1870-1890)
Why: efficient new machinery (john deere, robert mccormick), cheap land from homestead act
Significance: great increase in agricultural production
booker t washington
Who:
What: civil rights activist, created trade school for african americans
atlanta compromise speech - took a more conservative approach to racial integration
- go slow to avoid harsh backlash from white people
- need to prove to white people that black people deserve rights
Where:
When: atlanta compromise in 1895
Why:
Significance: alternative approach from web dubois
chinese exclusion act
Who:
What: federal law banning all chinese immigration to us
Where:
When: 1882
Why: result of anti-chinese movement in california
- didn’t want competition, also just racism
Significance: motivated strengthening of ethnic enclaves in big cities, separation from white society
coxey’s army
Who: jacob coxey
What: march to washington dc with a bunch of men
Where:
When: 1894
Why: wanted public road building projects to provide jobs to unemployed
year of an economic depression
Significance: example of unrest among working people in late 19th century
didn’t cause any real change, but there was publicity
dawes severalty act
Who:
What: federal act which divided land on native reservations between individual natives
if they meet requirements, they can get citizenship
Where:
When: 1890
Why: assimilation to white ideas of land ownership + farming
Significance:
removal of tribal affiliations
gospel of wealth
Who: andrew carnegie
What: book written about philanthropy
idea that rich people have a responsibility to pay it forward and help the poor while they are alive
Where:
When: 1889
Why: moral?
Significance: important ideas for philanthropy
pro business, captains of industry
haymarket square riot
Who: knights of labor, uriah smith stevens
What: union strike at mccormick harvesting machine company led to police violence which led to violence from anarchists which led to more police violence
Where: chicago
When: 1886
Why: desire for better working hours
Significance: effectively ended the knights of labor
caused widespread hysteria and anti-union sentiment
people changed to the american federation of labor
homestead act
Who: lincoln signed it into law
What: pay a small fee and get 160 acres of land
only requirement is that you stay on the land for 5 years and improve it
Where:
When: 1862
Why: to encourage expansion! yeoman farmers
Significance: greatly increased western migration
kind of taken over by companies who get a bunch of land and sell it for a profit, as it is really hard for individual farmers to get started
gave african americans the opportunity to own land, but most weren’t successful
horizontal integration
Who: john d rockefeller - standard oil
What: aquiring your competitors to make a monopoly over a specific area of industry
Where:
When: standard oil founded 1870
Why: monopolies! gain control over the market
Significance: used by rockefeller to control the oil industry
hull house
Who: jane addams
What: social settlement house
included childcare, longer term temporary housing, community, teaching new skills
Where: chicago
When: late 19th century
Why: to help immigrants
Significance: e xample of how aid to impoverished immigrants in late 19th century was done mostly by individuals, not on a government level
interstate commerce commission
Who:
What: federal regulatory agency made to limit the harmful effects of RR monopolies
Where:
When: created in interstate commerce act 1887
Why: attempt to supervise railroad companies and minimize price gouging by monopolies
Significance: not super successful overall
the commission was led by RR company owners and supporters, wo not much was actually done to hurt RR companies
indemnity zone clause
Who:
What: land granted to railroad companies which is not used for railroads can be used or sold by the companies at a profit
Where: pacific railway act
When: 1862
Why:
Significance: RR companies take advantage of it and claim they need more land that they really do so that they can sell the leftovers
jacob riis
Who:
What: creator of how the other half lives - book describing the horrible living conditions of factory workers in nyc
Where: nyc
When: wrote book 1890
Why: aim to expose the horrors of lower class life to disconnected rich people
Significance: motivated legislation to help improve tenement house conditions
john d rockefeller
Who:
What: founder of standard oil company
created first big us business trust
considered the richest american ever
Where:
When:
Why: gained prominence through standard oil monopoly
Significance: wrote gospel of wealth, spread idea that rich people should be philanthropists
