Unit 9- Development Flashcards
developmental psychology
studies physical, cognitive, and social changes through life
zygote
fertilized egg
embryo
2 weeks after fertilization, developing human
teratogens
agents reach fetus during pregnancy, cause harm
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
abnormalities in children due to pregnant woman’s drinking
habituation
decreased response with repeated stimulation
maturation
growth processes that enable changes
cognition
mental activities
schema
concept that organizes/interprets information
Ex: This child has formed a schema called “COW” which he uses to think about animals of a certain shape and size.
assimilation
interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schema
accommodation
adapting current understandings to incorporate new information
sensorimotor stage
piaget theory, birth-2, infants know world through sensory activities
- object permanence, stranger anxiety
object permanence
awareness things continue to exist even when not perceived
preoperational stage
child learns language, can’t comprehend logical mental operations, 2-6/7 years
-egocentrism, pretend play
conservation
properties such as volume and mass remain the same despite object change
egocentrisim
preoperational child has difficulty taking another person’s point of view
theory of mind
peoples ideas about own and other’s mental states
autism spectrum disorder
deficiencies in social interaction, fixations
concrete operational stage
6/7-11 years, children can think logically
formal operational stage
12 years, children can think abstract
stranger anxiety
infants display fear of strangers
attachment
emotional tie
critical period
exposure to certain experiences produces normal development
imprinting
animals form strong attachments during early life critical period
temperament
persons characteristic emotional reactivity/intensity
basic trust
world is predictable and trustworthy
self concept
thoughts and feelings about ourselves
gender
socially constructed roles/characteristics define male/female
aggression
behavior intended to hurt
gender role
set of expected behavior for male/female
role
set of expectation about social position
gender identity
our sense of being male and female
social learning theory
learn social behavior by observing, imitation, and rewards and punishments
gender typing
acquisition of traditional masculine and feminine roles
transgender
gender identity differs from birth sex
adolescence
transition from childhood to adult
identity
our sense of self
social identity
self concept developed through social settings
intimacy
ability to form close relationships
emerging adulthood
period between adolescent dependence to independent adult
X chromosome
sex chromosome in both men and women
Y chromosome
sex chromosome in men
testosterone
male sex hormone, stimulates growth
puberty
period of sexual maturation
primary sex characteristics
body structures that make reproduction possible
secondary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual traits
menarche
first menstrual period
AIDs
STI, depletes immune system
sexual orientation
sexual attraction toward different sexes
menopause
time of natural cessation of menustration
cross sectional study
study in which people of different ages are compared
longitudinal study
study of someone over long period of time
social clock
preferred timing of social events (marriage, etc)
Jean Piaget
influential observer of children; theory of cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky
sociocultural theory/influence of child development
Konrad Lorenz
dealt with nature of instinctive behavioral acts
Harry Harlow
maternal separation, dependency needs, social isolation, importance of caregiving
Margaret Harlow
importance of parental care in infant development
Mary Ainsworth
attachment theory
Albert Bandura
social learning theory
Erik Erikson
expanded Freud stages, stages of life
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral reasoning
