Unit 2- Research Flashcards

1
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

tendency to believe, after outcome, would’ve forseen

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2
Q

critical thinking

A

doesn’t blindly accept arguments and conclusions

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3
Q

thoery

A

explanation using observations and predictions

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction

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5
Q

operational defintion

A

statement of exact procedures used

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6
Q

replication

A

repeating study, different participants and situations, find extent

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7
Q

case studt

A

individual/group studied in depth, hope to reveal universal principles

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8
Q

naturalistic observation

A

recording behavior in natural situations, no manipulation

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9
Q

survey

A

self-reported behaviors and attitudes of random group

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10
Q

sampling bias

A

produces and unrepresentative sample

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11
Q

population

A

all those in a group being studied

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12
Q

random sample

A

each member has equal chance of inclusion

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13
Q

correlation

A

measure of extent to which 2 variable change together

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14
Q

correlation coefficient

A

statistical index of relationship between 2 variables (-1.0 to 1.0)

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15
Q

scatterplot

A

dots cluster, represents values of 2 variables

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16
Q

illusory correlation

A

perceived but nonexistent correlation

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17
Q

experiment

A

research method manipulates factors and observes effects

18
Q

experimental group

A

group exposed to treatment

19
Q

control group

A

group not exposed to treatment

20
Q

random assignment

A

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

21
Q

double blind procedure

A

participants and staff are blind about which participants received treatment

22
Q

placebo effect

A

has no actual effect, but makes patients believe it does, leads to effects

23
Q

independent variable

A

factor manipulated, variable being studied

24
Q

confounding variable

A

non-independent variable that might have effect on experiment

25
dependent variable
outcome factor
26
validity
extent experiment predicts what it's supposed to
27
descriptive statistcics
numerical data used to measure and describe groups
28
histogram
bar graph depicting a frequency distribution
29
mode
most frequently occurring score
30
mean
average scores
31
median
middle score
32
skewed distribution
scores that lack symmetry around mean (if many on a test fail and a few get high scores, distribution is positively skewed)
33
range
difference between highest and lowest scores
34
standard deviation
how much scores vary around mean
35
normal curve
bell shaped curve, symmetrical, most scores near mean
36
inferential statistics
numerical data that allows one to generalize
37
statistical significance
likeliness a result occurred by chance (statistical statement) (less that 5% is significant difference)
38
culture
behaviors, ideas, and attitudes shared by group are passed down generations
39
informed consent
ethical principle where participants are aware of study and choose to participate
40
debriefing
post-experiment explanation of study to participants
41