Unit 5- States of Consciousness Flashcards
hypnosis
subject responds to hypnotist’s suggestions that certain perceptions/feelings/thoughts/behaviors will spontaneously occur
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves/environment
posthypnotic suggestion
help control undesired symptoms/behaviors after hypnosis (suggestions during hypnosis to be carried out after)
dissociation
split in consciousness, allows some thoughts/behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
circadian rhythm
biological clock, regular body rhythms on a 24 hour cycle
REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep, vidid dreams occur, “paradoxical sleep” because muscles relaxed
alpha waves
slow brain waves of relaxed/awake state
sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness
hallucinations
false sensory experiences
delta waves
large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
NREM sleep
all sleeping stages but REM sleep
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
cell clusters in hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm
insomnia
problem falling/staying asleep
narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep attacks
sleep apnea
sleep disorder, stop breathing during sleep and repeated awakenings
night terrors
high arousal/appearance of being terrified, occur during NREM-3
dream
sequence of images/thoughts/emotions passing through sleeping mind
manifest content
Freud, remembered storyline of dream
latent content
Freud, underlying meaning of dream
REM rebound
REM sleep increases following REM sleep deprivation
substance use disorder
continued substance craving/use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk
psychoactive drug
chemical substance, alters perceptions/moods
tolerance
diminishing effect with regular use of drug
addiction
compulsive craving of drugs/certain behaviors
withdrawal
discomfort/distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug/behavior
depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity/slow body functions
alcohol use disorder
alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue use
barbiturates
drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory/judgement
opiates
depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety (heroin/morphine)
stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions (nicotine, caffeine, cocaine)
amphetamines
drugs, stimulate neural activity, speed up body functions, associated with energy/mood changes
nicotine
stimulating/highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
cocaine
powerful/addictive stimulant, coca plant, temporary alertness/euphoria
methamphetamine
stimulates CNS, speeds up body function, mood/energy changes, reduce baseline dopamine levels
ecstasy (MDMA)
stimulant/mild hallucinogen, produces euphoria/social intimacy, short-term health risks, long-term harm to serotonin producing neurons/mood/cognition
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs, distort perceptions and evoke sensory images
LSD
hallucinogenic drug
near-death experience
altered state of consciousness reported after close brush with death (cardiac arrest), similar to drug-induced hallucinations
THC
major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers many effects and mild hallucinations
William James
continuos stream of consciousness, each moment flowing into the next, functionalism, James-Lange theory (physical changes first, then leads to experience of emotion)
Ernest Hilgard
hypnosis involves not only social influence, but also special dual-processing state of dissociation
Sigmund Freud
manifest/latent content (psychoanalytic theory)
