Unit 14- Social Psych

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

study of how we think about/influence/relate to one another

Question 2

attribution theory

Answer 2

explain behavior by crediting situation or person’s disposition

Question 3

fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

underestimate impact of situation, overestimate impact of personal disposition

Question 4

attitude

Answer 4

feelings that predispose us to respond in a particular way

Question 5

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 5

people influenced by incidental cues (speaker’s attractiveness, fame, beauty, positive emotions) Changing attitudes by going around the rational mind and appealing to fears, desires,
associations

Question 6

central route persuasion

Answer 6

interested people focus on arguments, respond with favorable thoughts (uses facts and information), Going directly through the rational mind,
influencing attitudes with evidence and logic

Question 7

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 7

people who first agree to a small request, later comply with a larger request

Question 8

role

Answer 8

norms about social position

Question 9

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 9

act to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent; when two beliefs are inconsistent, individuals experience negatively arousing cognitive conflict (called dissonance); the observation that we tend to resolve this dissonance by changing our attitudes to fit our actions

Question 10

conformity

Answer 10

adjusting behavior/thoughts to coincide with group

Question 11

normative social influence

Answer 11

influence from person’s desire to gain approval and avoid disapproval (peer pressure, etc to fit in)

Question 12

informational social influence

Answer 12

influence from willingness to accept others opinions about reality (looking to others to fit in)

Question 13

social facilitation

Answer 13

strengthened performance in others presence

Question 14

social loafing

Answer 14

individuals exert less effort in group rather than individual

Question 15

deindividuation

Answer 15

loss of self awareness/self-restraint when group situation is aroused and anonymous

Question 16

group polarization

Answer 16

groups adopt more extreme attitudes compared to initial attitude

Question 17

groupthink

Answer 17

desire for harmony in decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

behaviors/ideas/attitudes/traditions shared by group, passed on generations

Question 19

norm

Answer 19

understood rule for accepted/expected behavior

Question 20

prejudice

Answer 20

unjustifiable/negative attitude toward group

Question 21

stereotype

Answer 21

generalized belief about a group

Question 22

discrimination

Answer 22

unjustifiable, negative behavior toward group

Question 23

just-world phenomemon

Answer 23

world is just, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 24

ingroup

Answer 24

“us”, people whom we share common identity with

Question 25

outgroup

Answer 25

“them”, those perceived as different from ingroup

Question 26

ingroup bias

Answer 26

tendency to favor our own group

Question 27

scapegoat theory

Answer 27

when things go wrong, blaming someone can be a target for anger

Question 28

other-race effect

Answer 28

tendency to recall faces of own’s race more accurately than faces of other races

Question 29

aggression

Answer 29

physical and verbal behavior intended to hurt and destroy

Question 30

frustration-aggression principle

Answer 30

frustration creates anger, can generate aggression

Question 31

social script

Answer 31

culturally modeled guide for how to act in situations

Question 32

mere exposure effect

Answer 32

repeated exposure increases liking

Question 33

passionate love

Answer 33

aroused state, intense positive absorption in another

Question 34

companionate love

Answer 34

deep affectionate attachment, lives intertwined

Question 35

equity

Answer 35

receive what you give in a relationship

Question 36

self-disclosure

Answer 36

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 37

altruism

Answer 37

unselfish regard for welfare of others

Question 38

bystander effect

Answer 38

tendency for bystander to less likely help with other bystanders present

Question 39

social exchange theory

Answer 39

social behavior is an exchange process, maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 40

reciprocity norm

Answer 40

expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Question 41

social-responsibility norm

Answer 41

people will help those needing their help

Question 42

conflict

Answer 42

perceived incompatibility of actions/goals/ideas

Question 43

social trap

Answer 43

conflicting parties caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 44

mirror-image perceptions

Answer 44

each side sees itself as ethical, other side is evil

Question 45

superordinate goals

Answer 45

shared goals, override differences among people, require cooperation

Question 46

GRIT

Answer 46

strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Question 47

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 47

Stanford prison experiment

Question 48

Leon Festinger

Answer 48

cognitive dissonance/social comparison theory

Question 49

Solomon Asch

Answer 49

individuals form impressions of one another

Question 50

Stanley Milgram

Answer 50

milgram experiment (electric shocks)

Question 51

attribution

Answer 51

a conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior/event

Question 52

situational attribution

Answer 52

factors outside the person doing the action, such as peer pressure

Question 53

dispositional attribution

Answer 53

the person’s stable, enduring traits, personality, ability, emotions

Question 54

cognitive dissonance

Answer 54

actions not in harmony with our attitudes