Unit 1- History

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

knowledge from experience and science relies on experimentalism

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

introspection revealed structure of human mind

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

mental function enables survival and adaptation

Question 4

experimental psychology

Answer 4

study of behavior and thinking using experiments

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

studies behavior without reference to mental process

Question 6

humanistic psychology

Answer 6

current influences can nurture our growth, emphasize importance of healthy people

Question 7

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

the study of brain activity and cognition

Question 8

psychology

Answer 8

science of behavior and mental processes

Question 9

nature nurture issue

Answer 9

genes and experience help develop psychological traits

Question 10

natural selection

Answer 10

key traits passed on to generations

Question 11

levels of analysis

Answer 11

differing complementary views for analyzing phenomenon. The three LOAs are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural.

Question 12

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 12

integrated bio, psych, and social levels of analysis

Question 13

behavioral psychology

Answer 13

study of observable behavior

Question 14

biological psychology

Answer 14

study of links between biological and psychological processes

Question 15

cognitive psychology

Answer 15

study of mental activies

Question 16

evolutionary psychology

Answer 16

study of evolution and mind, using natural selection

Question 17

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 17

studies how unconscious drives/influences behavior

Question 18

social culture psychology

Answer 18

study of situations and cultures and how they affect behavior

Question 19

psychometrics

Answer 19

study of measurements of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 20

basic research

Answer 20

science aimed to increase scientific knowledge base

Question 21

developmental psychology

Answer 21

studies physical, cognitive, and social change through lifespan

Question 22

educational psychology

Answer 22

study of how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning

Question 23

personality psychology

Answer 23

study of how individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 24

social psychology

Answer 24

study of how we influence one another

Question 25

applied research

Answer 25

study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 26

industrial organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 26

apply psychological concepts and methods to optimize behavior in workplaces

Question 27

human factors psychology

Answer 27

explores how humans and machines interact

Question 28

counseling psychology

Answer 28

assists people with problems in life, helps well-being

Question 29

clinical psychology

Answer 29

studies and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 30

psychiatry

Answer 30

deals with psychological disorders (psychiatrists treat)

Question 31

positive psychology

Answer 31

study of human functioning, goals to help individuals thrive

Question 32

community psychology

Answer 32

studies how people interact with social environment and affect

Question 33

testing effect

Answer 33

enhanced memory after retrieving information

Question 34

SQ3R

Answer 34

study method: study, question, read, retrieve, review

Question 35

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 35

first psych lab, founded experimental psychology (structuralism/introspection with Titchener)

Question 36

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 36

Wundt student, first formal US psych lab, student of James, child development study (pioneered), 1st APA president

Question 37

Edward Bradford Titchener

Answer 37

structuralism, introspection, "self-report"

Question 38

William James

Answer 38

functionalism, "how will they help us survive, what function?"

Question 39

Mary calkins

Answer 39

student of James, first female president of APA, denied Harvard PhD, memory researcher

Question 40

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 40

first woman to receive psychology PhD, 2nd female APA president, "The Animal Mind" on animal behavior

Question 41

Sigmund Freud

Answer 41

psychoanalysis (techniques and theories that deal with unconscious), studied and helped people with mental disorders, unconscious drives wishes/needs, importance of childhood experiences

Question 42

John B Watson

Answer 42

study of observable behavior, taught a baby to fear rabbits, classical conditioning

Question 43

B.F Skinner

Answer 43

rejected introspection, studied how consequences shaped behavior

Question 44

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Answer 44

humanists, studied how people thriving rather than those who had psychological problems, developed theories and treatments to help people reach full potential

Question 45

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 45

Russian psychologist, pioneered study of learning (conditioning)

Question 46

Jean Piaget

Answer 46

most influential observer of children

Question 47

Charles Darwin

Answer 47

founder of natural selection

Question 48

Dorthea Dix

Answer 48

advocated for treatment of mentally ill