Unit 1- History Flashcards
Empiricism
knowledge from experience and science relies on experimentalism
Structuralism
introspection revealed structure of human mind
Functionalism
mental function enables survival and adaptation
experimental psychology
study of behavior and thinking using experiments
behaviorism
studies behavior without reference to mental process
humanistic psychology
current influences can nurture our growth, emphasize importance of healthy people
cognitive neuroscience
the study of brain activity and cognition
psychology
science of behavior and mental processes
nature nurture issue
genes and experience help develop psychological traits
natural selection
key traits passed on to generations
levels of analysis
differing complementary views for analyzing phenomenon. The three LOAs are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural.
biopsychosocial approach
integrated bio, psych, and social levels of analysis
behavioral psychology
study of observable behavior
biological psychology
study of links between biological and psychological processes
cognitive psychology
study of mental activies
evolutionary psychology
study of evolution and mind, using natural selection
psychodynamic psychology
studies how unconscious drives/influences behavior
social culture psychology
study of situations and cultures and how they affect behavior
psychometrics
study of measurements of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
basic research
science aimed to increase scientific knowledge base
developmental psychology
studies physical, cognitive, and social change through lifespan
educational psychology
study of how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning
personality psychology
study of how individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
social psychology
study of how we influence one another
applied research
study that aims to solve practical problems
industrial organizational (I/O) psychology
apply psychological concepts and methods to optimize behavior in workplaces
human factors psychology
explores how humans and machines interact
counseling psychology
assists people with problems in life, helps well-being
clinical psychology
studies and treats people with psychological disorders
psychiatry
deals with psychological disorders (psychiatrists treat)
positive psychology
study of human functioning, goals to help individuals thrive
community psychology
studies how people interact with social environment and affect
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving information
SQ3R
study method: study, question, read, retrieve, review
Wilhelm Wundt
first psych lab, founded experimental psychology (structuralism/introspection with Titchener)
G. Stanley Hall
Wundt student, first formal US psych lab, student of James, child development study (pioneered), 1st APA president
Edward Bradford Titchener
structuralism, introspection, “self-report”
William James
functionalism, “how will they help us survive, what function?”
Mary calkins
student of James, first female president of APA, denied Harvard PhD, memory researcher
Margaret Floy Washburn
first woman to receive psychology PhD, 2nd female APA president, “The Animal Mind” on animal behavior
Sigmund Freud
psychoanalysis (techniques and theories that deal with unconscious), studied and helped people with mental disorders, unconscious drives wishes/needs, importance of childhood experiences
John B Watson
study of observable behavior, taught a baby to fear rabbits, classical conditioning
B.F Skinner
rejected introspection, studied how consequences shaped behavior
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
humanists, studied how people thriving rather than those who had psychological problems, developed theories and treatments to help people reach full potential
Ivan Pavlov
Russian psychologist, pioneered study of learning (conditioning)
Jean Piaget
most influential observer of children
Charles Darwin
founder of natural selection
Dorthea Dix
advocated for treatment of mentally ill