Unit 10- Personality

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 2

free association

Answer 2

exploring unconscious, a person relaxes and says what comes to their mind

Question 3

psychoanalysis

Answer 3

theory of personality attributes thoughts/actions to unconscious motives

Question 4

unconscious

Answer 4

reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts/memories/feelings

Question 5

id

Answer 5

unconscious energy, strives to satisfy basic sexual/aggressive drives

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

conscious, mediates id/superego, prefers pleasure over pain (satisfies id desire), executive part of personality

Question 7

superego

Answer 7

represents internalized ideas, provides standards for judgement/aspitations

Question 8

psychosexual stages

Answer 8

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital, childhood stages of development, id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on erogenous zones

Question 9

oedipus complex

Answer 9

boy’s sexual desire to mother, jealousy and hatred for father (sees him as rival)

Question 10

identification

Answer 10

children incorporate parent’s values into superego

Question 11

fixation

Answer 11

pleasure seeking energies at the stage with unresolved conflicts

Question 12

defense mechanisms

Answer 12

ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 13

repression

Answer 13

defense mechanism, banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts

Question 14

psychodynamic theories

Answer 14

modern-day, view personality with a focus on unconscious and childhood

Question 15

collective unconscious

Answer 15

inherited reservoir of memory traces from species history

Question 16

projective test

Answer 16

personality test, provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

Question 17

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 17

express inner feelings through stories

Question 18

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 18

identify inner feelings by analyzing interpretations of inkblots

Question 19

false consensus effect

Answer 19

overestimate extent to which we share beliefs and behaviors

Question 20

terror management theory

Answer 20

explore response to reminders of impending death

Question 21

humanistic theories

Answer 21

view personality and potential for healthy personal growth

Question 22

self actualization

Answer 22

motivation to fulfill ones potential

Question 23

unconditional positive regard

Answer 23

attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 24

self concept

Answer 24

thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 25

trait

Answer 25

patterns of behavior to feel and act

Question 26

personality inventory

Answer 26

used to assess selected personality traits

Question 27

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 27

identify emotional disorders

Question 28

empirically derived test

Answer 28

testing pool of items, selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 29

social cognitive perspective

Answer 29

behavior influenced by interaction between people’s traits and their social context

Question 30

behavioral approach

Answer 30

effects of learning on personality development

Question 31

reciprocal determinism

Answer 31

interacting influences of behavior/internal cognition/environment, Bandura’s theory

Question 32

positive psychology

Answer 32

study of optimal human functioning

Question 33

self

Answer 33

center of personality, organizer of thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 34

spotlight effect

Answer 34

overestimating others’ noticing appearance and performance

Question 35

self esteem

Answer 35

one’s feelings of high and low self worth

Question 36

self efficacy

Answer 36

one’s sense of competence and effectiveness

Question 37

self serving bias

Answer 37

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 38

narcissism

Answer 38

excessive self love and self absorption

Question 39

individualism

Answer 39

identity of personal attributes over group identifications

Question 40

collectivism

Answer 40

priority to goals of group, defines one’s identity

Question 41

Sigmund Freud

Answer 41

mind divided into id, ego, and superego, components create personality

Question 42

Alfred Adler

Answer 42

one basic desire to belong and feel significant

Question 43

Carl Jung

Answer 43

orientations of personality: extraversion/introversion, 8 personality types

Question 44

Abraham Maslow

Answer 44

humanistic, human behavior driven by needs

Question 45

Carl Rogers

Answer 45

humanistic, behavior motivated by self actualization

Question 46

Paul Costa

Answer 46

5 factor model

Question 47

Martin Seligman

Answer 47

research on helplessness, prevent depression

Question 48

oral psychosexual stage

Answer 48

pleasure centers on mouth (sucking, biting, chewing)

Question 49

anal psychosexual stage

Answer 49

pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination

Question 50

phallic psychosexual stage

Answer 50

pleasure zone is genitals, coping with incestuous feelings

Question 51

latency psychosexual stage

Answer 51

a phase of dormant sexual feelings

Question 52

genital psychosexual stage

Answer 52

maturation of sexual interests

Question 53

reaction formation

Answer 53

people express feelings that
are the opposite of their
anxiety-arousing
unconscious feelings

Question 54

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 54

1. physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. belonging needs
4. esteem needs
5. self actualization

Question 55

The big 5 personality factors

Answer 55

1. Conscientiousness:
   self-discipline, careful
   pursuit of delayed
   goals
2. Agreeableness:
   helpful, trusting,
   friendliness
3. Neuroticism: anxiety,
   insecurity, emotional
   instability
4. Openness: flexibility,
   nonconformity,
   variety
5. Extraversion