Unit 12- Disorders Flashcards
psychological disorder
disturbance in cognition, emotion, behavior, and regulation
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
medical model
psychological disorders can be diagnosed/treated/cured, came out after pinel’s new approach
DSM-5
system for classifying psychological disorders
problems w/ the DSM:
- call too many people disordered
- labels may stigmatize/discriminate others
anxiety disorders
distressing, persistent anxiety, behavior to reduce anxiety
- Freud believes anxiety disorders are repressed impulses (especially from childhood)
- serotonin imbalance
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
continually tense/apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
anxiety disorder, episodes of intense dread and frightening situations (feels like you are dying)
phobia
anxiety disorder, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object/activity/situation
social anxiety disorder
intense fear of social situations
agoraphobia
fear of situation one has felt loss of control or panic in
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
anxiety disorder, unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions)
- PET scan of the brain shows high metabolic activity in frontal lobe areas involved w directing attention
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
anxiety disorder, haunting memories, nightmares, anxiety, social withdrawal, hypervigilance etc after a traumatic experience
post-traumatic growth
positive psychological changes from struggling with challenging circumstance and life crises
mood disorders
emotional extremes
major depressive disorder
mood disorder, depressed mood and loss of interest and pleasure, brain activity decreased, smaller frontal lobes, reduced serotonin
mania
hyperactive, wildly optimistic state, brain activity increased
bipolar disorder
mood disorder, person alternates between depression and mania, fewer brain axons
rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking about out problems and causes
schizophrenia
delusions/hallucinations/disorganized speech, too many dopamine receptors, poor coordination in frontal lobes, thalamus fires during hallucinations as if sensations real
-if one twin has schizophrenia, the other, especially if identical, has a greater chance of also having it
psychosis
person loses contact with reality, irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
delusions
false beliefs
hallucination
false sensory experiences
somatic symptom disorder
symptoms take somatic form without physical cause
conversion disorder
physical symptoms exist with no psychological basis
illness anxiety disorder
person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
dissociative disorders
conscious awareness separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
person has two or more alternating personalities (used to be called multiple personality disorder)
anorexia nervosa
person has a starving diet despite being underweight
bulimia nervosa
person alternates binge eating with purging, excessive exercise, and fasting
binge eating disorder
binge eating followed by guilt and disgust
personality disorders
inflexible/enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing
pinel’s new approach
back in the day, disorders were thought to be from evil spirits, so it led to cruel treatment to “cure” people. pinel sought to reform brutal treatment, by proposing that disorders weren’t from demonic possession but rather from environmental factors.
culture-bound syndromes
disorders that only exist within certain cultures
social phobia
intense fear of being watched and judged by others
hypervigilance
persistently watching out for danger, accompanies anxiety in PTSD
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
mood disorder, recurring
seasonal pattern of depression, usually during winter’s short, dark, cold days.
positive symptoms
presence of problematic behaviors
negative symptoms
absence of healthy behaviors
flat effect
no emotion showing in the face/body
catatonic
rarely initiating or controlling
movement; copies others’ speech and actions, type of schizophrenia
three categories of personality disorders
- anxious: avoidant (fear of social rejection)
- eccentric/odd: schizoid, flat affect, no social attachments
- dramatic: histrionic, attention-seeking, narcissistic, self-centered, antisocial, amoral
paranoid personality disorder
suspicious, argumentative, paranoid, continually on the lookout for trickery and abuse, jealous, tendency to blame others, cold and humorless; hold grudges
schizoid personality disorder
has few friends other than 1st-degree relatives - a “loner”; indifferent to praise and criticism of others; unable to form close relationships; takes pleasure in few if any, activities; shows emotional coldness, detachment,
or flattened affect
schizotypal personality disorder
also aloof and indifferent like the schizoid; magical thinking; superstitious beliefs; uses unusual
words and has peculiar ideas; a very mild form of schizophrenia
narcissistic personality disorder
grandiose; crave admiration of others; extremely self-centered; feel they are privileged and special; expects favors from others; emotions are not erratic
histrionic personality disorder
overly dramatic; attention seekers; easily angered; seductive; dependent on others; vain, shallow, and manipulative; displays intense, but often false emotions
borderline personality disorder
very unstable relationships; erratic emotions; self- damaging behavior; impulsive; unpredictable
aggressive and sexual behavior; monophobia; easily angered
dependent personality disorder
see relationships with significant others as necessary for survival; subordinate their needs to those of
others; terrified of being alone; relationship-hoppers; lack self-confidence; need approval for everything
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
perfectionists; preoccupied with details, rules, schedules; rigid and stubborn; more concerned about work than pleasure; serious and formal; cannot express tender feelings
