Unit 11- Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt
intelligence test
assessing individual’s mental aptitudes
general intelligence (g)
measured by every task on intelligence test
factor analysis
identifies clusters of related items, used to identify difference dimensions of performance
savant syndrome
person limited mental ability has exceptional specific skill
grit
passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals
emotional intelligenve
ability to perceive/understand/manage/use emotions
mental age
age that responds to given level of intelligence test performance
Standford-Binet
revision of Binet original intelligence test
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
found by mental age over chronological age times 100, or performance on intelligence test
achievement test
designed to assess what a person has learned
aptitude test
designed to predict a person’s future performance and capacity to learn
Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS)
most used intelligence test, verbal and nonverbal subtests
standardization
defining meaningful scores relative to pretested group, comparing to others and making test uniform
normal curve
bell-shaped, most scores near mean
reliability
extent to which test yields consistent results
validity
extent to which test measures and predicts what it’s supposed to
content validity
extent to which test samples the behavior of interest
predictive validity
test predicts behavior it’s designed to predict
cohort
group of people from given time period
crystallized intelligence
knowledge and verbal skills increase with age
fluid intelligence
ability to reasons speedily and abstractly decreased during late adulthood
intellectual disability
condition of limited mental ability
down syndrome
condition of intellectual disability, extra chromosome copy
heritability
proportion of variation among individuals that attribute to genes
stereotype threat
self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype
charles spearman
factor analysis of different skills, found that people who did well in one area also did well in another, speculated these people had a high “g”
LL Thurstone
spearman opponent, identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities, didn’t rank people on single scale of general aptitude, investigators studied these profiles, detected that those who excel in 1/7 clusters generally score well on others
howard gardner
8 intelligences, different people have intelligence in different areas
francis galton
to help “survival of the fittest” process, trying to select people who have greatest abilities
robert sternberg
success related to types of ability, practical, analytical, and creative intelligence
alfred binet
measured children’s mental age, made first intelligence test
lewis terman
created stanford-binet test, remove genes from population, eugenics, intelligence unchanging and genetic, opposite of binet
david wechsler
created WAIS (Wechsler adult intelligence scale) and WISC (Wechsler intelligence scale for children)
carol dweck
believing intelligence is changeable leads to growth mindset, vice versa
convergent thinking
left brain, zeroing in on single correct answer
divergent thinking
ability to create new ideas, new actions, multiple answers
flynn effect
performance on intelligence tests has improved over the years
Re-standardization
Re-testing a sample of the general
population to make an updated, accurate comparison group,
in case people are smarter than they used to be when the
test was first made.
split half reliability
both parts of tests have to yield same results
test-retest reliability
the retest has to give same result as test
cross-sectional studies
examine people of different ages all at once
longitudinal studies
track the performance of one group of people over time
One standard deviation above/below the mean
68%
Two standard deviations above/below the mean
95%
