Unit 9 Clinical Psychology Test Flashcards
Different anxiety disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Agoraphobia Panic Disorder Phobias and Social Anxiety Disorder
Somatoform disorders
illness anxiety disorder
somatic symptom disorder
conversion disorder
facitious disorder
what qualifies disordered behavior (4 d’s)
deviant, dysfunctional, distressing, or dangerous
what is the DSM-5
a widely used system to classify and treat psychological disorders
what is psychopathology?
the study of mental illness and psychological disorders
Key concepts of psycho pathology:
- diagnosis
- prognosis
- etiology
- prevalence
- incidence
- comorbidity
diagnosis
identifying a disorder or illness
prognosis
predicting the path or course an illness is going to take
etiology
underlying causes ie) childhood trauma, cognitive dysfunction, genetics, or brain abnormality
incidence
how many people are going to have the illness over a period of time
comorbidity
the simultaneous presence of two or more conditions
prevalence
the amount of people with an illness at a certain time (right now)
insanity defense
when a crime is justified because the defendant was deemed incompetent at the time of the crime
historical etiologies
demons, witch craft
historical treatment methods
insane asylums, beating, bleeding, burning, castration, trephination
medical model
identify symptoms, compare with other symptoms, then create treatment plan
philippe pinel
1st person to treat someone with mental illness
diathesis stress model
any pre existing vulnerability + anything that could be a triggering factor for mental illness = mental illness
ex) poverty + stress = mental illness
pbj diathesis stress example
conclusion: everyone needs different treatment for different circumstances
psychodynamic perspective
childhood, parental error, unconscious fear or anxiety, treated through free association and projective tests
behavioral perspective
environmental, phobias, conditioning
treatment: counter conditioning, aversion therapy, and exposure therapy
humanistic perspective
needs aren’t met, lack of unconditional positive regard
treatment: talk therapy
cognitive perspective
maladaptive thoughts, pessimistic explanatory style, depression
treatment: cognitive restructuring, and talk therapy
biological perspective
genetics, neurotransmitter deficiency or excess
treatment: medication, drug therapy, talk therapy
sociocultural perspective
deviance from social norms
treatment: talk therapy, environmental changes
evolutionary perspective
inherited abnormality, can be adaptive
biopsychosocial
diathesis is biological, but the stressor is environmental
treatment: talk therapy
generalized anxiety disorder
unexplained tension or unease most of the time. Can be caused by SNS activation, cognitive thoughts, or change in behavior or circumstance
etiologies: family school, sports, relationships, and genetics
treatment: talk therapy, medication
panic disorder
recurrent unexpected (panic) attacks, constant fear of another attack etiologies: genetics, stress, life changes
social anxiety disorder
intense irrational fear of social situations or performance,, avoidance of social situations, sweating or dizziness
etiologies: genetics, personality traits, past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy, counter conditioning, and desensitization
specific phobia
excessive fear triggered, feel powerless against it, disrupts daily routines
etiologies: genetics, personality traits, and past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy counter conditioning, and desensitization
agoraphobia
fear of open or public spaces bc you cant get help if you panic,, avoidance of at least 2 situations
etiologies: genetics, personality traits, past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy, counterconditioning, or desensitization
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder
O:thought (constant anxiety provoking)
C: behavior (makes the though go away) must be time consuming and often repetitive
Etiologies: genetics, neurotransmitter imbalance, unkown
Treatment: therapy and medication
PTSD
event that threatened death or serious injury/violence with one or more symptoms for 1 month
ex) intrusions, avoidance, negative cognition, mood change at stimulating situations
etiology: trauma
treatment: therapy, exposure therapy, vr therapy, medicine, psychotherapy, or holistic treatment
Major Depressive Disorder
- 5 or more symptoms for longer than 2 weeks
- significant physical, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral impairment
treatment: psychotherapy, and medicine
Persistent depressive disorder
- milder and fewer symptoms, but longer lasting
- can continue everyday functioning
- the common cold of mental disorders
etiologies: diathesis stress, biological components, genetics, low serotonin, low norepinephrine,
treatment: drugs SSRI’s,, ECT
Bipolar disorder
depressive state interspersed with manic state
Mania- flight of ideas, hyperactivity, lack of need for sleep, euphoria, inflated self esteem
highest risk of suicide
etiologies: diathesis stress, bio. components, low serotonin and high norepinephrine
treatment: drugs, mood stabilizers, and ect
Cyclothymia
causes emotional ups and downs, but they are not as severe as those with bipolar disorder
seasonal affective disorder
seasonal pattern of depressive symptoms,, caused by a lack of sunlight
schizophrenia
most serious psychological disorder characterized by an abnormal interpretation of reality
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
add to normal behavior
- delusions and hallucinations
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- flat affect: lack of expression
- catatonia: muscle rigidity
disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia
- flight of ideas,, ideas quickly shift with no connections
- word salad,, jumbled words
dissociative Identity Disorder
dissociation: parts of personality are seperated,,, has 2 or more “alters” and identities
etiologies: extreme childhood trauma
treatment: talk therapy, drugs
etiologies for schizophrenia
genetics: monozygotic twins have the highest risk
paternal age: older parents have a higher risk
brain structure: larger ventricle size = higher risk
dopamine: too much dopamine
treatments for schizophrenia
biopsychosocial approach , drugs, family therapy, and social skill therapy
disassociative amnesia
seemingly at random a person forgets their own identity
etiologies: unsure, but possibly caused by a traumatic event
fugue
travel that occurs when identity is lost
somatic symptom disorder
experience physical ailment various body complaints and high anxiety over health
etio: stress
treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy,, very hard to treat
illness anxiety disorder
non-existent (minor) body systems. Worry or fear of serious disease, excessive health related behaviors
etio: stress
therapy: cog. beh. therapy
conversion disorder
4 requirements:
- impaired physical or sensory function
- no medical explanation
- distress
- dysfunction
etio: stress
treatment: cog. beh. therapy
factitious disorder
purposefully lie about bodily/psychological disorders,, overstate, invent, create symptoms
malingering
an action not a disorder,, creating symptoms to gain a reward or to avoid something
paranoid personality disorder
patterns of distrust and suspisciousness of others motives and behaviors are malevolent
schizoid PD
patterns of detatchment from social relationships, restricted emotional expression
schizotypical PD
acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive and perceptual distortions
antisocial PD
lack of consciousness, lie, cheat, steal, anger, behavious are not always criminal or violent
borderline PD
instability in relationships and emotion and self image,, impulsive and manipulative
histronic PD
excessively emotional and attention seeking
narcissistic PD
grandiose sense of self worth, importance and need for admiration
avoidant PD
social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy in social settings, hypersensitivity to criticism or social situations
dependent PD
submissive or clingy behavior, anxiety when left to do own decision making
OCPD
patterns of orderliness , perfection, and control in most if not all aspects
psychotherapy aka talk therapy
treatments that are not focused entirely on freud or the unconscious
psychoanalysis
freuds term for inevitable
resistance
unconscious ways patient avoids confronting painful repressed memories and conflicts
interpretation
dream interpretation- dream analysis- Freud analysis
transference
occurs when patient is unconscious that mimic a critical relationship in there lives (child parent)
projective tests
insight
- rorschach test
- thematic test
rorschach test
client is shown images and is told to say what they see
thematic test
patient is given a topic and told to tell a story
psychodynamic
based on freud,, people are driven by their need for social relationships
humanistic theory
client centered,,
- congruence
- ucr
- tenant of good talk therapy
congruence
finding your true self and actual self balance
tenants of good talk therapy
Acceptance )A. no judgement
Genuineness )G. therapist is honest
Empathy )E. feeling from clients perspective,, listening and taking notes
rational emotional behavioral therapy (REBT)
- activating event = final exam night
- belief system = If I dont get an A I am worthless
- consequence =severe anxiety
Cognition and Depression (causes of depression)
Aaron Beck
- self
- world
- future
Beck depression inventory
self reporting test that measures attitudes and symptoms of depression
behavioral therapy
counter conditioning, exposure therapy, desensitization,
counterconditioning
teach new response to stimuli to replace unwanted behavior
used for: changing emotional and physical response
exposure therapy
flooding, aversion therapy, VR
flooding
anxiety disorder patient confronts situation to fear with no escape
aversion therapy
drug abuse and alcohol = nausea
alcoholic is classically conditioned to associate alcohol to nausea
systematic desensitization (John Wolfe)
anxiety situation is paired with relaxation as patient works through anxiety hierarchy
anxiety hierarchy
- create list of anxiety events in order of fear
- train to purposely reduce automatic response
- face each step in hierarchy using relaxation
cognitive behavioral therapy
use process of cognitive and behavioral thoughts influence behaviors
