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AP Psychology > Unit 9 Clinical Psychology Test > Flashcards

Unit 9 Clinical Psychology Test Flashcards

1
Q

Different anxiety disorders

A 
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Agoraphobia
Panic Disorder 
Phobias
and Social Anxiety Disorder
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2
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

illness anxiety disorder
somatic symptom disorder
conversion disorder
facitious disorder

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3
Q

what qualifies disordered behavior (4 d’s)

A

deviant, dysfunctional, distressing, or dangerous

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4
Q

what is the DSM-5

A

a widely used system to classify and treat psychological disorders

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5
Q

what is psychopathology?

A

the study of mental illness and psychological disorders

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6
Q

Key concepts of psycho pathology:

A
  1. diagnosis
  2. prognosis
  3. etiology
  4. prevalence
  5. incidence
  6. comorbidity
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7
Q

diagnosis

A

identifying a disorder or illness

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8
Q

prognosis

A

predicting the path or course an illness is going to take

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9
Q

etiology

A

underlying causes ie) childhood trauma, cognitive dysfunction, genetics, or brain abnormality

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10
Q

incidence

A

how many people are going to have the illness over a period of time

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11
Q

comorbidity

A

the simultaneous presence of two or more conditions

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12
Q

prevalence

A

the amount of people with an illness at a certain time (right now)

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13
Q

insanity defense

A

when a crime is justified because the defendant was deemed incompetent at the time of the crime

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14
Q

historical etiologies

A

demons, witch craft

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15
Q

historical treatment methods

A

insane asylums, beating, bleeding, burning, castration, trephination

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16
Q

medical model

A

identify symptoms, compare with other symptoms, then create treatment plan

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17
Q

philippe pinel

A

1st person to treat someone with mental illness

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18
Q

diathesis stress model

A

any pre existing vulnerability + anything that could be a triggering factor for mental illness = mental illness
ex) poverty + stress = mental illness

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19
Q

pbj diathesis stress example

A

conclusion: everyone needs different treatment for different circumstances

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20
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

childhood, parental error, unconscious fear or anxiety, treated through free association and projective tests

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21
Q

behavioral perspective

A

environmental, phobias, conditioning

treatment: counter conditioning, aversion therapy, and exposure therapy

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22
Q

humanistic perspective

A

needs aren’t met, lack of unconditional positive regard

treatment: talk therapy

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23
Q

cognitive perspective

A

maladaptive thoughts, pessimistic explanatory style, depression
treatment: cognitive restructuring, and talk therapy

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24
Q

biological perspective

A

genetics, neurotransmitter deficiency or excess

treatment: medication, drug therapy, talk therapy

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25
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

deviance from social norms

treatment: talk therapy, environmental changes

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26
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

inherited abnormality, can be adaptive

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27
Q

biopsychosocial

A

diathesis is biological, but the stressor is environmental

treatment: talk therapy

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28
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

unexplained tension or unease most of the time. Can be caused by SNS activation, cognitive thoughts, or change in behavior or circumstance

etiologies: family school, sports, relationships, and genetics
treatment: talk therapy, medication

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29
Q

panic disorder

A 
recurrent unexpected (panic) attacks, constant fear of another attack 
etiologies: genetics, stress, life changes
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30
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense irrational fear of social situations or performance,, avoidance of social situations, sweating or dizziness

etiologies: genetics, personality traits, past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy, counter conditioning, and desensitization

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31
Q

specific phobia

A

excessive fear triggered, feel powerless against it, disrupts daily routines

etiologies: genetics, personality traits, and past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy counter conditioning, and desensitization

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32
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open or public spaces bc you cant get help if you panic,, avoidance of at least 2 situations

etiologies: genetics, personality traits, past life experience
treatment: behavioral therapy, counterconditioning, or desensitization

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33
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder
O:thought (constant anxiety provoking)
C: behavior (makes the though go away) must be time consuming and often repetitive
Etiologies: genetics, neurotransmitter imbalance, unkown
Treatment: therapy and medication

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34
Q

PTSD

A

event that threatened death or serious injury/violence with one or more symptoms for 1 month

ex) intrusions, avoidance, negative cognition, mood change at stimulating situations
etiology: trauma
treatment: therapy, exposure therapy, vr therapy, medicine, psychotherapy, or holistic treatment

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35
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • 5 or more symptoms for longer than 2 weeks
  • significant physical, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral impairment
    treatment: psychotherapy, and medicine
36
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A
  • milder and fewer symptoms, but longer lasting
  • can continue everyday functioning
  • the common cold of mental disorders
    etiologies: diathesis stress, biological components, genetics, low serotonin, low norepinephrine,
    treatment: drugs SSRI’s,, ECT
37
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

depressive state interspersed with manic state
Mania- flight of ideas, hyperactivity, lack of need for sleep, euphoria, inflated self esteem
highest risk of suicide
etiologies: diathesis stress, bio. components, low serotonin and high norepinephrine
treatment: drugs, mood stabilizers, and ect

38
Q

Cyclothymia

A

causes emotional ups and downs, but they are not as severe as those with bipolar disorder

39
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

seasonal pattern of depressive symptoms,, caused by a lack of sunlight

40
Q

schizophrenia

A

most serious psychological disorder characterized by an abnormal interpretation of reality

41
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

add to normal behavior

- delusions and hallucinations

42
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • flat affect: lack of expression

- catatonia: muscle rigidity

43
Q

disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • flight of ideas,, ideas quickly shift with no connections

- word salad,, jumbled words

44
Q

dissociative Identity Disorder

A

dissociation: parts of personality are seperated,,, has 2 or more “alters” and identities

etiologies: extreme childhood trauma
treatment: talk therapy, drugs

45
Q

etiologies for schizophrenia

A

genetics: monozygotic twins have the highest risk
paternal age: older parents have a higher risk
brain structure: larger ventricle size = higher risk
dopamine: too much dopamine

46
Q

treatments for schizophrenia

A

biopsychosocial approach , drugs, family therapy, and social skill therapy

47
Q

disassociative amnesia

A

seemingly at random a person forgets their own identity

etiologies: unsure, but possibly caused by a traumatic event

48
Q

fugue

A

travel that occurs when identity is lost

49
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

experience physical ailment various body complaints and high anxiety over health

etio: stress
treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy,, very hard to treat

50
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

non-existent (minor) body systems. Worry or fear of serious disease, excessive health related behaviors

etio: stress
therapy: cog. beh. therapy

51
Q

conversion disorder

A

4 requirements:

  • impaired physical or sensory function
  • no medical explanation
  • distress
  • dysfunction
    etio: stress
    treatment: cog. beh. therapy
52
Q

factitious disorder

A

purposefully lie about bodily/psychological disorders,, overstate, invent, create symptoms

53
Q

malingering

A

an action not a disorder,, creating symptoms to gain a reward or to avoid something

54
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

patterns of distrust and suspisciousness of others motives and behaviors are malevolent

55
Q

schizoid PD

A

patterns of detatchment from social relationships, restricted emotional expression

56
Q

schizotypical PD

A

acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive and perceptual distortions

57
Q

antisocial PD

A

lack of consciousness, lie, cheat, steal, anger, behavious are not always criminal or violent

58
Q

borderline PD

A

instability in relationships and emotion and self image,, impulsive and manipulative

59
Q

histronic PD

A

excessively emotional and attention seeking

60
Q

narcissistic PD

A

grandiose sense of self worth, importance and need for admiration

61
Q

avoidant PD

A

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy in social settings, hypersensitivity to criticism or social situations

62
Q

dependent PD

A

submissive or clingy behavior, anxiety when left to do own decision making

63
Q

OCPD

A

patterns of orderliness , perfection, and control in most if not all aspects

64
Q

psychotherapy aka talk therapy

A

treatments that are not focused entirely on freud or the unconscious

65
Q

psychoanalysis

A

freuds term for inevitable

66
Q

resistance

A

unconscious ways patient avoids confronting painful repressed memories and conflicts

67
Q

interpretation

A

dream interpretation- dream analysis- Freud analysis

68
Q

transference

A

occurs when patient is unconscious that mimic a critical relationship in there lives (child parent)

69
Q

projective tests

A

insight

  1. rorschach test
  2. thematic test
70
Q

rorschach test

A

client is shown images and is told to say what they see

71
Q

thematic test

A

patient is given a topic and told to tell a story

72
Q

psychodynamic

A

based on freud,, people are driven by their need for social relationships

73
Q

humanistic theory

A

client centered,,

  1. congruence
  2. ucr
  3. tenant of good talk therapy
74
Q

congruence

A

finding your true self and actual self balance

75
Q

tenants of good talk therapy

A

Acceptance )A. no judgement
Genuineness )G. therapist is honest
Empathy )E. feeling from clients perspective,, listening and taking notes

76
Q

rational emotional behavioral therapy (REBT)

A
  • activating event = final exam night
  • belief system = If I dont get an A I am worthless
  • consequence =severe anxiety
77
Q

Cognition and Depression (causes of depression)

Aaron Beck

A
  1. self
  2. world
  3. future
78
Q

Beck depression inventory

A

self reporting test that measures attitudes and symptoms of depression

79
Q

behavioral therapy

A

counter conditioning, exposure therapy, desensitization,

80
Q

counterconditioning

A

teach new response to stimuli to replace unwanted behavior

used for: changing emotional and physical response

81
Q

exposure therapy

A

flooding, aversion therapy, VR

82
Q

flooding

A

anxiety disorder patient confronts situation to fear with no escape

83
Q

aversion therapy

A

drug abuse and alcohol = nausea

alcoholic is classically conditioned to associate alcohol to nausea

84
Q

systematic desensitization (John Wolfe)

A

anxiety situation is paired with relaxation as patient works through anxiety hierarchy

85
Q

anxiety hierarchy

A
  1. create list of anxiety events in order of fear
  2. train to purposely reduce automatic response
  3. face each step in hierarchy using relaxation
86
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

use process of cognitive and behavioral thoughts influence behaviors

AP Psychology (23 decks)

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