Learning

Question 1

what is classical conditioning?

Answer 1

the association between two stimuli resulting in a response that is learned

Question 2

what is acquisition?

Answer 2

the process of pairing the UCS with the CS

Question 3

what is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 3

something that triggers a naturally occurring response

aka (US or UCS) (food in Pavlovs experiment)

Question 4

what is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 4

a neutral stimulus that after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus

prior to the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus would have no effect on the subject

(the bell in Pavlovs Experiment)

Question 5

what is an unconditioned response?

Answer 5

a naturally occurring response that follows the unconditioned stimulus (salivation in pavlovs)

Question 6

conditioned response

Answer 6

the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus (the dogs salivating at the bell)

Question 7

what is extinction?

Answer 7

conditioned response decreases or disappears,, no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

what is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 8

the return of previously extinct conditioned response after the response has been conditioned

Question 9

what is stimulus generalization?

Answer 9

the conditioned stimulus may evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned (a child who has been bitten by a white fluffy rate will also be scared of a white fluffy bunny even though it has not been bitten by a bunny before.)

Question 10

what is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 10

he ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and another stimulus (a cat being able to know the difference between hearing you open a bag of cat treat and a bag of human chips)

Question 11

what is operant conditioning?

Answer 11

learning through rewards and punishment

Question 12

what is a reinforcing stimulus?

Answer 12

it strengthens or increases the behavior it follows (getting 5$ every time you earn an a on your report card

Question 13

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 13

adding something good to get a specific behavior to increase or continue (if you play well we get a day off)

Question 14

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 14

taking something bad away in order to increase or continue a specific behavior (if you pick up all of your toys then you wont have to eat your vegetables)

Question 15

what is a punishment stimulus

Answer 15

the presentation of a negative consequence that causes a decrease in the behavior

Question 16

what is positive punishment?

Answer 16

add something bad to decrease a behavior (if you strike out looking you have to run a pole)

Question 17

what is negative punishment?

Answer 17

removing something good so that a behavior decreases (getting your car taken away if you miss curfew)

Question 18

what are the different schedules of reinforcement

Answer 18

• fixed ratio
• variable ratio
• fixed interval
• variable interval

Question 19

what is a fixed ratio schedule?

Answer 19

the response is reinforced only after an specific number of responses

Question 20

what is a variable ratio schedule?

Answer 20

a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses (gambling)

Question 21

what is a fixed interval schedule?

Answer 21

the response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has passed

Question 22

what is a variable interval schedule?

Answer 22

response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed

Question 23

what is observational learning?

Answer 23

the process of watching others then imitating the observed behaviors

Question 24

what is latent learning?

Answer 24

one an learn something but not show the behavior right away (a child learns how to do a problem in math class but they will not complete the problem until they get candy for doing the problem)

Question 25

what is insight learning?

Answer 25

the sudden realization of the problems solution “lightbulb”

Question 26

what is learned helplessness?

Answer 26

when an organism becomes helpless after they learn they have no ability to change the outcome (Caden and math class)