Learning Flashcards
what is classical conditioning?
the association between two stimuli resulting in a response that is learned
what is acquisition?
the process of pairing the UCS with the CS
what is an unconditioned stimulus?
something that triggers a naturally occurring response
aka (US or UCS) (food in Pavlovs experiment)
what is a conditioned stimulus?
a neutral stimulus that after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus
prior to the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus would have no effect on the subject
(the bell in Pavlovs Experiment)
what is an unconditioned response?
a naturally occurring response that follows the unconditioned stimulus (salivation in pavlovs)
conditioned response
the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus (the dogs salivating at the bell)
what is extinction?
conditioned response decreases or disappears,, no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
what is spontaneous recovery?
the return of previously extinct conditioned response after the response has been conditioned
what is stimulus generalization?
the conditioned stimulus may evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned (a child who has been bitten by a white fluffy rate will also be scared of a white fluffy bunny even though it has not been bitten by a bunny before.)
what is stimulus discrimination?
he ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and another stimulus (a cat being able to know the difference between hearing you open a bag of cat treat and a bag of human chips)
what is operant conditioning?
learning through rewards and punishment
what is a reinforcing stimulus?
it strengthens or increases the behavior it follows (getting 5$ every time you earn an a on your report card
what is positive reinforcement?
adding something good to get a specific behavior to increase or continue (if you play well we get a day off)
what is negative reinforcement?
taking something bad away in order to increase or continue a specific behavior (if you pick up all of your toys then you wont have to eat your vegetables)
what is a punishment stimulus
the presentation of a negative consequence that causes a decrease in the behavior
what is positive punishment?
add something bad to decrease a behavior (if you strike out looking you have to run a pole)
what is negative punishment?
removing something good so that a behavior decreases (getting your car taken away if you miss curfew)
what are the different schedules of reinforcement
- fixed ratio
- variable ratio
- fixed interval
- variable interval
what is a fixed ratio schedule?
the response is reinforced only after an specific number of responses
what is a variable ratio schedule?
a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses (gambling)
what is a fixed interval schedule?
the response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has passed
what is a variable interval schedule?
response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
what is observational learning?
the process of watching others then imitating the observed behaviors
what is latent learning?
one an learn something but not show the behavior right away (a child learns how to do a problem in math class but they will not complete the problem until they get candy for doing the problem)
what is insight learning?
the sudden realization of the problems solution “lightbulb”
what is learned helplessness?
when an organism becomes helpless after they learn they have no ability to change the outcome (Caden and math class)
