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AP Psychology > Biological Bases of Behavior (Unit 2) Review > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior (Unit 2) Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Parietal, occipital, and temporal

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2
Q

what does the Frontal lobe do?

A

carries out executive function and higher level cognition

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3
Q

what does the parietal lobe do?

A

processes sensory information

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4
Q

what does the occipital love do?

A

processes visual information

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5
Q

what does the temporal lobe do?

A

processes the sense of hearing and meaningful speech

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6
Q

what are the different structures of the brain?

A

corpus callosum, medulla, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

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7
Q

what does the corpus callosum do?

A

connects the two hemispheres of the brain

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8
Q

what does the medulla do?

A

carries out life sustaining functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

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9
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

controls coordination, balance, and voluntary movements

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10
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A

releases hormones that regulate homeostasis in the body

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11
Q

what does the hippocampus do?

A

forms memories for the brain

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12
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

(fear center) processes emotions and survival responses

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13
Q

what is plasticity?

A

the brains ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain

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14
Q

what is split brain?

A

the two hemispheres of the brain cannot communicate (so a man can draw with both hands or not know another task that maybe the other half is performing. (Sperry and Gazzaniga)

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15
Q

what is the brocas area?

A

allows speech production

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16
Q

what is the wernickes area?

A

allows for the comprehension of speech

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17
Q

what is the motor cortex?

A

controls voluntary movement

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18
Q

what is the somatosensory cortex?

A

receives and processes sensory information

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19
Q

what makes up the central nervous system?

A

made up of the brain and spine

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20
Q

what makes up the Peripheral nervous system

A

sensory nerves, outside of the brain and spinal chord

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21
Q

what does the somatic nervous system do?

A

controls voluntary movement from your brain to your muscles

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22
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

involuntary and unconscious actions (breathing, pumping blood, etc)

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23
Q

what does the Sympathetic nervous system do?

A

emergency response system (fight or flight) (hint: yours is broken, and it is that way because you are very “sympathetic”)

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24
Q

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

calms a person “rest and digest”

25
Q

what are dendrites?

A

the small little nerve looking things that hand off the end of a neuron,, they receive messages (they are a catcher in baseball)

26
Q

what is the myelin sheath?

A

the protect the nerve and they speed up the communication of messages (they are the cutoffs in baseball,, they protect the runner from getting extra bases and they speed up the ball getting from point a to point b)

27
Q

what is the soma?

A

the soma is the wide part of the neuron, and it protects the neuron and keeps it working (it is the catchers gear)

28
Q

what is the axon?

A

the axon actually carries the message (the axon is like the ball in baseball)

29
Q

what is the axon terminal?

A

are located at the other end of the neuron,, they send messages to other neurons, they are like a pitcher in baseball

30
Q

what is a neural transmission?

A

neural transmission is when information travels through a neuron electrochemically

31
Q

what is action potential firing?

A

neuron sends information

32
Q

what is resting potential?

A

neuron is charged and ready to fire but has not yet

33
Q

what is the all or none principle?

A

neuron fires at full strength or not at all no in between

34
Q

what are neurotransmitters?

A

chemical messengers

35
Q

what are exitatory transmitters?

A

they cause the neurons to fire

36
Q

what are inhibitory transmitters?

A

they prevent transmitters from firing

37
Q

what is acetylcholine?

A

helps movement and memory

38
Q

what is serotonin

A

helps control mood

39
Q

what is dopamine?

A

pleasure chemical of the brain

40
Q

what is norepinephrine?

A

the response chemical to danger (fight or flight)

41
Q

what is GABA?

A

the chemical that calms the central nervous system

42
Q

what is glutamate?

A

chemical that regulates thinking, memory, and learning

43
Q

what are endorphins?

A

chemical that helps relieve pain and stress, fealings of pleasure and euphoria

44
Q

what is an afferent neuron?

A

sensory neuron, sensory input to spinal chord and into the brain

45
Q

what is an efferent neuron?

A

motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to initiate an action

46
Q

what is an interneuron?

A

the middle man between the afferent and efferent neuron

47
Q

what is the endocrine systems?

A

glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones

48
Q

what is the pituitary gland (Master Gland)

A

controlled by the hypothalamus

49
Q

nature

A

genetics

50
Q

nuture

A

environment

51
Q

what is heritability?

A

the extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait can be accounted for by the differences in their genes.

52
Q

what is circadian rhythm

A

24 hour cycle, body’s internal biological clock

53
Q

what is electroencephalography

A

(EEG) test recording electrical activity in the brain

54
Q

what is REM sleep?

A

dream sleep, because brain waves are very active but muscles are paralyzed

55
Q

what are different types of psychoactive drugs

A

agonists, antagonists, depressants, and alcohol

56
Q

what are agonist drugs?

A

mimics neurotransmitters

57
Q

what are antagonist drugs?

A

block neurotransmitters

58
Q

what are depressants?

A

slow the activity of the central nervous system

59
Q

what does alcohol do to the brain?

A

depresses the areas of the brain that control judgement and inhibition

AP Psychology (23 decks)

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