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AP Psychology > Unit 8 Personality > Flashcards

Unit 8 Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

what is personality

A

a pattern of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions

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2
Q

psychoanalytics

A

freud

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3
Q

what were freuds methods of discovering the unconscious

A

free association, dream interpretation, and freudian slips

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4
Q

what is free association

A

being shown a stimulus and using the first thing that comes to your mind

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5
Q

what is dream interpretation

A

made up of manifest and latent content,, uses your dreams as a way to tap into your unconscious

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6
Q

what is manifest content

A

the actual content and plot of the dream

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7
Q

what is latent content?

A

the underlying meaning and analysis of the dream

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8
Q

what is a freudian slip?

A

when you accidentally day the wrong word, but it reveals what you’re actually thinking

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9
Q

what are freuds divisions of the mind

A

id, ego, and superego

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10
Q

what is the id>

A

(the pleasure principle) the unconscious psychic energy,, is unchecked bu morality,, it is the unfiltered brain

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11
Q

what is the ego

A

(reality principle) the executive mediatior,, between the unconscious and what is socially acceptable (combo of id and superego)

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12
Q

what is the superego

A

(morality principle) internalized ideals from society

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13
Q

what are freuds levels of consciousness

A

conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

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14
Q

what is the conscious

A

what you’re aware of

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15
Q

what is the preconscious

A

what you have access to, but not immediately in your mind

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16
Q

what is the unconscious

A

what you aren’t even aware of in your mind

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17
Q

what are the three instinctual drives?

A

eros, thanatos, libido

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18
Q

eros

A

life drive,, survival and preservation

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19
Q

thanatos

A

death drive,, aggressive, and deviant

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20
Q

libido

A

sex drive

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21
Q

freuds psychosexual stages

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
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22
Q

what is fixation

A

being stuck on a stage bc you struggled to make it through

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23
Q

oral stage

A

ages 0-2
eating and talking to independence
fixation: chewing gum,, grinding teeth,, smokers,, drinkers,, and sarcasm

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24
Q

anal stage

A

ages 2-3
toilet training to control
fixation: anal expulsive= messy and disorganized
anal retentive= obsessive and controlling

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25
Q

phallic stage

A

ages 4-6
gender development to learn from observing parents
fixation: oedipus complex and electra complex and penis envy

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26
Q

latency stage

A

ages 7-11

no new psychosocial conflict to girls and boys separate

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27
Q

genital stage

A

ages 12+
mature sexual interests
fixation: reappearance of past fixations

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28
Q

oedipus complex:

A

boys romantically love theri mothers and get jealous of their fathers

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29
Q

electra complex

A

girls romantically love their father and get jealous of their mothers

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30
Q

what is penis envy

A

the female desire to hold social or political power like men

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31
Q

what are freuds defense mechanisms

A 
repression 
reaction formation 
projection 
rationalization 
displacement
sublimation 
denial 
regression 
compensation 
intellectualization
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32
Q

what is repression

A

keeping disturbing thoughts or memories from becoming conscious,, just ignoring them

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33
Q

what is reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses and feelings into their opposites (boy who has crush on girl is mean to her)

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34
Q

what is projection

A

attributing ones own unacceptable thought and feelings to someone else

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35
Q

rationalization

A

justifying the reasons for your unacceptable thoughts or actions while ignoring the deeper reasoning

36
Q

displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a less aggressive option (you get yelled at when ur dad has a bad day at work bc he cant yell at his boss)

37
Q

sublimation

A

transferring unacceptable impulses into a socially valued and acceptable motive

38
Q

denial

A

refusing to believe or perceive painful realities (also ignoring feeling)

39
Q

regression

A

moving backwards to a more infantile psychosexual stage (not being able to figure out a math problem so you cry)

40
Q

compensation

A

disguise unaccpetable urges, inadequacies, or frustrations by directing energy into another area

41
Q

intellectualization

A

removing oneself emotionally from a stressful event by only thinking about it in a logical way (doctors giving cancer diagnosis)

42
Q

carl Jung

A

-didnt think the unconscious was inherently negative
- collective unconscious
-archetypes
introversion and extraversion

43
Q

collective unconscious

A

inherited shared memory of all human kind which is based on folklore/stories over the years and between cultures

44
Q

archetypes

A

characters across folklore,, consistent characters,, anima=female,, animus=male

45
Q

introversion

A

gets energy from being alone

46
Q

extraversion

A

gets energy from being around others

47
Q

karen horney

A
  • didnt think primary social goal was sexual
  • love and basic anxiety
  • basic anxiety behavior responses
  • womb envy
48
Q

love

A

having social connections

49
Q

basic anxiety

A

no social connection and feelings of isolation

50
Q

what are the patterns of response toward basic anxiety

A

toward- take social initiative and directly get rid of anxiety
away- does NOT take initiative and submits to social isolation
against- seeks state of social power rather than connection

51
Q

womb envy

A

men envy womens ability to give life

52
Q

alfred adler

A

thought the primary drive was striving for superiority and focus on self improvement

  • inferiority complex
  • superiority complex
  • birth order
  • sibling rivalry
53
Q

inferiority complex

A

the tendency to ive into the feeling of inferiority and helplessness,, you are aware of your lack of self improvement

54
Q

superiority complex

A

the tendency to put on a front, hyperbolize accomplishments, or appear falsely overconfident

55
Q

birth order and sibling rivalry

A

birth order affects personality and siblings compete for parental attention

56
Q

humanistic theory

A

abraham Maslow,, thinks that your personality is formed by what youre seeking on the pyramid

57
Q

pyramid order top to bottom

A 
self actualization 
self esteem 
love and belonging 
safety 
physical needs
58
Q

self actualization

A

morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, experience, purpose, and inner potential

59
Q

relationship between persoality and maslow

A

high on the pyramid the more personality you get

60
Q

carl rogers

A

goal was convergence of personality

61
Q

convergence

A

actual self and ideal self

62
Q

how is growth promoted

A
  1. genuineness
  2. acceptance
  3. empathy
63
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

total acceptance without judgement

64
Q

self esteem

A

our self worth or value

65
Q

self efficacy

A

our confidence in ourselves to do a task

66
Q

gordon allport

A

cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits,

67
Q

cardinal traits

A

traits that we have all of the time,, most dominant traits, passions, drives, that shape a persons personality

68
Q

central traits

A

traits that are a majority of your personality,, your general characteristics

69
Q

secondary traits

A

traits what are exhibited only in specific situations

70
Q

ramond carttel

A

16 factors,, first theory to give personalities and traits words

71
Q

hans Eysenck`

A

2 scales
introversion and extraversion
emotional stability to emotional instability

72
Q

stability to instability

A

stability- calm passive and thoughtful

instability- moody, touchy, chaotic, aggressive

73
Q

costa and McCrae

A

the big 5

74
Q

the big 5

A 
Openess- desire to try new things 
Conscientiousness- awareness of others 
Extraversion- outgoing and expressive 
Agreeableness- disposition to others 
Neuroticism- anxiety
75
Q

Walter Mischel

A

cognitive affective model
trait vs state
marshmallow experiment

76
Q

cognitive affective model

A

how you cognitively shift depending on environment

77
Q

trait vs. state debate

A

consistent v. depends,, less interested in actual behavior and more about how you think through behavior and your thought process

78
Q

marshmallow experiment

A

children age 4-6 were given the option to wait 5 min and get a second marshmallow or eat the one they have now. Those who waited had higher academic achievement
studied delayed gratification

79
Q

projective tests

A

stimuli is presented and the client projects his or her unconsciousness

  1. rorschach
  2. Thematic Apperception test
80
Q

rorschach test

A
  1. free association phase 2. inquiry phase (ink blot)
81
Q

thematic apperception test

A
  1. show ambiguous but emotionally evocative pictures

2. subject tells a story to describe the scene

82
Q

objective tests

A 
longer questionnaires or surveys 
MMPI 
Myers Briggs 
16 factor 
Big 5
83
Q

16 factor

A

corporate

84
Q

big 5

A

public test and compares your answers to the general public

85
Q

myers briggs

A

extrovert v. Introvert
sensing v. intuitive
thinking v. feeling
perceiving v. judging

86
Q

MMPI

A

400 questions,, most highly validated,, and can be used for clinical diagnosis

AP Psychology (23 decks)

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