Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

Question 1

what is instinct theory?

Answer 1

the evolutionary perspective,, people are motivated to behave in certain because they are evolutionarily or genetically programmed to do so (survival instincts) (aka I eat bc I am hungry and I do not want to starve)

Question 2

what is the incentive theory?

Answer 2

we are pulled to an action bc of positive or negative outside incentives

Question 3

what is the yerkes-dodson law?

Answer 3

increased arousal can help improve performance, but only up until a certain point at the point when arousal becomes excessive: performance diminishes

Question 4

what is Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, and the top needs cannot be fulfilled unless the bottom needs are

Question 5

what are the levels of Maslows pyramid?

Answer 5

psychological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love, esteem needs, and self actualization

Question 6

what is self efficacy?

Answer 6

a persons belief in their ability to succeed

Question 7

what is the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

most of the biological feeling of hunger comes from this brain structure

Question 8

what is the lateral hypothalamus?

Answer 8

the on button for eating

Question 9

what is the ventromedial hypothalamus?

Answer 9

the off button be eating

Question 10

what is the overjustifiction effect?

Answer 10

the phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action,, an artist enjoys doing art less now that it is their job and they are being paid for it

Question 11

what is an approach approach conflict?

Answer 11

conflict within a person where he or she needs to decide between two appealing goals (picking a college)

Question 12

what is an avoidance avoidance conflict?

Answer 12

making a decision between two bad choices (running or extra practice)

Question 13

what is approach avoidance?

Answer 13

conflict involves making decisions that have both positive and negative consequences (pros and cons)

Question 14

what is the sexual response cycle?

Answer 14

the stages that humans go through during sexual interaction

Question 15

what is the display rule?

Answer 15

a social group or cultures informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions (machismo)

Question 16

what is the common sense theory?

Answer 16

the theory in which an emotion which then leads to bodily arousal through the bodily nervous system (I get mad and then my blood pressure rises)

Question 17

what is the james lange theory of emotions?

Answer 17

emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events

Question 18

what is the facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 18

the idea that facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions (I smile so then I become happier)

Question 19

what is the cannon bard theory of emotions?

Answer 19

suggests that physical and psychological experiences happen simultaneously (one does not cause the other)

Question 20

what is the schachter singer two factor theory

Answer 20

the physiological arousal occurs first and then the individual has to then identify the possible emotional reason why.

Question 21

what is distress

Answer 21

occurs when people experience unpleasant and undesirable situations

Question 22

what is general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 22

researched by hans selye, the three stages of the bodies psychological reaction to stress
1. alarm 2. resistance 3.exhaustion

Question 23

what is a locus of control?

Answer 23

refers to the extent to which people feel that they have control over the events that influence their life

Question 24

what is an internal locus of control?

Answer 24

you believe you have control over what happens to you

Question 25

what is an external locus of control?

Answer 25

you blame outside circumstances for what happens to you

Question 26

what are freuds 3 psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 26

id, ego, and superego

Question 27

what is the ID

Answer 27

the Id is part of the human personality that is made of all our inborn biological urges that go unchecked,, (pleasure principle,, immediate gratification)

Question 28

what is the Ego?

Answer 28

the ego is the largely conscious part of the personality that mediates among the demands of the Id, super ego, and reality

Question 29

what is the Superego?

Answer 29

the superego is the part of the personality tat represents internalized ideas and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations (morality)

Question 30

what are freuds defense mechanisms

Answer 30

repression 
displacement
projection
projection
regression
denial
rationalization
reaction formation

Question 31

what is repression

Answer 31

acts to keep information out of our conscious awareness

Question 32

what is displacement?

Answer 32

involves taking out our frustrations on something less threatenting (a parent taking their work anger out on their child instead of their boss)

Question 33

what is projection

Answer 33

putting our feelings on other people

Question 34

what is regression

Answer 34

when confronted with stressful events, people sometimes regress and revert to patterns of behavior in earlier development (crying and throwing a fit as an adult)

Question 35

what is denial

Answer 35

functions to protect the ego from things with which the individual cannot cope

Question 36

what is rationalization

Answer 36

involves explaining an unacceptable behavior in a rational manner avoiding the true reason

Question 37

what is reaction formation

Answer 37

reduces anxiety by taking the opposite feeling or behavior of the impulse

Question 38

5 factor model

Answer 38

trait theory of personality that includes:

• openness
• conscientiousness
• extroversion
• agreeableness
• neuroticism