Unit 9 Flashcards
Flynn effect
the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time
Gene knockout (KO) studies
involves removing a specific gene and comparing the characteristics of animals with and without that gene
Nootropic substances
substances that are believed to beneficially affect intelligence
Video deficit
children do not learn very much from information presented on screens
The different approaches to studying the genetic basis of intelligence
Behavioural genetics and behavioural genomics
Behavioural genetics
Involves conducting twin or adoption studies
Behavioural genomics
involves looking at gene-behaviour relationships at a molecular level.
- involves animal models (knockout and transgenic models)
analyze the belief that older children are more intelligent than their younger siblings
the oldest often has a higher IQ, but only by 3 points
Crystallized intelligence (Gc)
a type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience
Factor analysis
a statistical technique that examines correlations between variables to find clusters of variables or factors
Fluid intelligence (Gf)
a type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge a person already posses
General intelligence factor (g)
represents a persons mental energy
Multiple intelligences
a model claiming that there are seven different forms of intelligence
Savant
an individual with low mental capacity but extraordinary abilities in a specific area
Triarchic theory of intelligence
a theory that divides intelligence into three distinct types: analytical, practical, and creative
why is intelligence divided into fluid and crystallized types
fluid intelligence can decline over a lifespan, but crystallized intelligence remains constant
intelligence differences between males and females
intelligence is generally equal. men perform better in spatial tasks and women perform better at reading emotions
Anthropometrics
methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans
Deviation IQ
calculated by comparing the person’s test score with the average score for people of the same age
Entity theory
the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult to change
Incremental theory
the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort
Intelligence
the ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
calculated by taking a person’s mental age, dividing it by their chronological age, and multiplying it by 100
Mental age
the average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
an intelligence test that is based on pictures, not words, in an attempt to make it relatively unbiased by any culture
Stanford-Binet test
a test intended to measure innate levels of intelligence
Stereotype threat
occurs when negative stereotypes about a group causes group members to under perform on ability tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the most common intelligence test in use today for adolescents and adults
what was the resoning of eugenics and their use of intelligence tests
Eugenicists believed that abilities like intelligence were inborn. therefore, if people with high IQ reproduced and people with low IQ did not, then the human gene pool could improve.
why is it difficult toe remove all cultural bias from intelligence testing
the forms of questions, and the testing environment may be unfamiliar to other cultures that may not take tests and cause low performance.
