Unit 9

Question 1

Flynn effect

Answer 1

the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time

Question 2

Gene knockout (KO) studies

Answer 2

involves removing a specific gene and comparing the characteristics of animals with and without that gene

Question 3

Nootropic substances

Answer 3

substances that are believed to beneficially affect intelligence

Question 4

Video deficit

Answer 4

children do not learn very much from information presented on screens

Question 5

The different approaches to studying the genetic basis of intelligence

Answer 5

Behavioural genetics and behavioural genomics

Question 6

Behavioural genetics

Answer 6

Involves conducting twin or adoption studies

Question 7

Behavioural genomics

Answer 7

involves looking at gene-behaviour relationships at a molecular level.
- involves animal models (knockout and transgenic models)

Question 8

analyze the belief that older children are more intelligent than their younger siblings

Answer 8

the oldest often has a higher IQ, but only by 3 points

Question 9

Crystallized intelligence (Gc)

Answer 9

a type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience

Question 10

Factor analysis

Answer 10

a statistical technique that examines correlations between variables to find clusters of variables or factors

Question 11

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

Answer 11

a type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge a person already posses

Question 12

General intelligence factor (g)

Answer 12

represents a persons mental energy

Question 13

Multiple intelligences

Answer 13

a model claiming that there are seven different forms of intelligence

Question 14

Savant

Answer 14

an individual with low mental capacity but extraordinary abilities in a specific area

Question 15

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 15

a theory that divides intelligence into three distinct types: analytical, practical, and creative

Question 16

why is intelligence divided into fluid and crystallized types

Answer 16

fluid intelligence can decline over a lifespan, but crystallized intelligence remains constant

Question 17

intelligence differences between males and females

Answer 17

intelligence is generally equal. men perform better in spatial tasks and women perform better at reading emotions

Question 18

Anthropometrics

Answer 18

methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans

Question 19

Deviation IQ

Answer 19

calculated by comparing the person’s test score with the average score for people of the same age

Question 20

Entity theory

Answer 20

the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult to change

Question 21

Incremental theory

Answer 21

the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort

Question 22

Intelligence

Answer 22

the ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles

Question 23

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 23

calculated by taking a person’s mental age, dividing it by their chronological age, and multiplying it by 100

Question 24

Mental age

Answer 24

the average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age

Question 25

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Answer 25

an intelligence test that is based on pictures, not words, in an attempt to make it relatively unbiased by any culture

Question 26

Stanford-Binet test

Answer 26

a test intended to measure innate levels of intelligence

Question 27

Stereotype threat

Answer 27

occurs when negative stereotypes about a group causes group members to under perform on ability tests

Question 28

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 28

the most common intelligence test in use today for adolescents and adults

Question 29

what was the resoning of eugenics and their use of intelligence tests

Answer 29

Eugenicists believed that abilities like intelligence were inborn. therefore, if people with high IQ reproduced and people with low IQ did not, then the human gene pool could improve.

Question 30

why is it difficult toe remove all cultural bias from intelligence testing

Answer 30

the forms of questions, and the testing environment may be unfamiliar to other cultures that may not take tests and cause low performance.