Unit 13

Question 1

Bystander effect

Answer 1

the presence of other people actually reduces the likelihood of helping behaviour

Question 2

1901

Answer 2

13.1

Question 3

Chameleon effect

Answer 3

describes how people mimic others unconsciously

Question 4

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 4

the reduced personal responsibility that a person feels when more people are present in a situation

Question 5

Groupthink

Answer 5

stifling of diversity that occurs when individuals are not able to express their true perspectives, and rather maintain harmony

Question 6

Information influence

Answer 6

occurs when people feel the group is giving them useful information

Question 7

Normative influence

Answer 7

the result of social pressure to adopt a group’s perspective in order to be accepted

Question 8

Mimicry

Answer 8

taking on the behaviours, emotional displays, and facial expressions of others

Question 9

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 9

social norms operating in the situation may be different from the beliefs held by the people themselves

Question 10

Social facilitation

Answer 10

occurs when one’s performance is affected by the presence of others

Question 11

Social loafing

Answer 11

occurs when an individual puts less effort into working on a task with others

Question 12

Social norms

Answer 12

the guidelines for how to behave in social contexts

Question 13

Social roles

Answer 13

more specific sets of expectations for how someone in a specific position should behave

Question 14

Why do individuals conform to others behaviours

Answer 14

people may conform because they want to be accepted by the group

Question 15

How can individuals and groups influence behaviours

Answer 15

FILL IN

Question 16

Contact hypothesis

Answer 16

predicts that social contact between members of different groups is extremely important to overcoming prejudice

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

behaviour that disfavours or disadvantages members of a certain social group

Question 18

Prejudice

Answer 18

an affective, emotionally laden response to members of outgroups, including negative attitudes

Question 19

Dual-process models

Answer 19

model of behaviour that accounts for both implicit and explicit processes

Question 20

External attribution

Answer 20

the actor’s behaviour is explained as the result of the situation

Question 21

Internal attribution

Answer 21

the behaviour of the actor is explained by some innate quality of the person

Question 22

False consensus effect

Answer 22

tendency to project the self-concept on to the social world

Question 23

Naive realism

Answer 23

our perceptions of reality are accurate, that we see things the way they are

Question 24

Fundamental attribution error (FAE)

Answer 24

tendency to over-emphasize internal attributions and under-emphasize external factors when explaining a persons behaviour

Question 25

Implicit associations test (IAT)

Answer 25

measures how fat people can respond to images or words flashed on a computer screen

Question 26

Implicit processes

Answer 26

corresponding to unconscious thought, largely outside of our intentional control

Question 27

Ingroup bias

Answer 27

positive biases that extend beyond the self and to ones ingroup ingroup > outgroup

Question 28

Ingroup

Answer 28

groups we feel positively towards and identify with

Question 29

Outgroup

Answer 29

the groups we dont identify with

Question 30

Person perception

Answer 30

the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgments about other people

Question 31

Thin slices of behaviour

Answer 31

very small samples of a person’s behaviour

Question 32

1996

Answer 32

13.3

Question 33

Analytic system

Answer 33

operates at the explicit level of consciousness, reasons using language and is slower

Question 34

Attitude innoculation

Answer 34

strategy for strengthening attitudes by posing a weak counter argument and then refuting it

Question 35

Central route to persuasion

Answer 35

occurs when people pay close attention to the content of a message, evaluate the evidence presented, and examine the logic

Question 36

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 36

when inconsistent beliefs are held, we are motivated to re

Question 37

Construal-level theory

Answer 37

describes how information affects us based on our psychological distance from the info

Question 38

Door-in-face technique

Answer 38

involves asking for something relatively big, then following with a request for something relatively small

Question 39

Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

Answer 39

when audiences are motivated to pay attention to a message, they have the cognitive resources available to understand the message

Question 40

Experiential system

Answer 40

Operates more implicitly, quickly, and intuitively and is emotional

Question 41

Foot-in-door technique

Answer 41

involves making a simple request followed by a more substantial request

Question 42

Identifiable victim effect

Answer 42

people are more moved to action by the story of a single person than info about a whole group

Question 43

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 43

persuasion depends upon other features that are not directly related to the message

Question 44

Processing fluency

Answer 44

the ease with which information is processed