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Psychology 1200 > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

1527 chap beginning

A

1567

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2
Q

Allostasis

A

motivation that is not only influenced by current needs, but also by the anticipation of future needs caused by stress

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3
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

an eating
disorder that involves 1. self-starvation,
2. intense fear of
weight gain and dissatisfaction with one’s body
3. denial of the serious consequences of severely low weight.

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4
Q

Bulimia nervorsa

A

an eating disorder that is characterized by periods of food

deprivation, binge-eating, and purging

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5
Q

Drive

A

biological trigger that tells us we may be deprived of something and causes us to seek out what is needed, such as food or water

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6
Q

Hypothalamus

A

a set of nuclei found on the bottom surface of the brain

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7
Q

Incentives

A

stimuli we seek out in order to reduce drives

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8
Q

Motivation

A

concerns the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviours that direct organisms toward specific goals

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9
Q

Obesity

A

a disorder of positive energy balance, in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure

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10
Q

Statiation

A

the point in a meal when we are no longer motivated to eat

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11
Q

Trigger foods

A

items that affect the selection of healthy and unhealthy foods simply by being present among possible food alternatives

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12
Q

Unit bias

A

the tendency to assume that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume

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13
Q

what are the biological, cognitive, and social processes that shape eating patterns

A

The hypothalamus monitors glucose in the bloodstream, and the CCK signals for fullness. Social cues can also influence eating patterns

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14
Q

What are the causes of common eating disorders

A

Stress, peer pressure, and idealized depictions of beauty all influence the prevalence of eating disorders. It is common that eating disorders are a way of feeling control.

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15
Q

Who were the researchers that studied college students sexual motivations?

A

Meston and Buss

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16
Q

Gender roles

A

the accepted attitudes and behaviours of males and females in a given society

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17
Q

Libido

A

the motivation for sexual activity and pleasure

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18
Q

Refractory period

A

a time period during which erection and orgasm are not physically possible

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19
Q

Sex guilt

A

negative emotional feelings for having violated culturally accepted standards of appropriate sexual behaviour

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20
Q

Sexual orientation

A

the consistent preference for sexual relations with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), same sex (homosexuality), or either sex (bisexuality)

21
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

describes the phases of physiological change during sexual activity

22
Q

Sexual scripts

A

the set of rules and assumptions about the sexual behaviours of males and females

23
Q

Transgender

A

o individuals who experience a
mismatch between the gender that they identify with and their
biological sex

24
Q

Transsexual

A

refers to the subset of
transgender individuals who wish to permanently transition from their
birth sex to the gender with which they identify

25
Q

compare and contrast sexual responses in men and women

A

similarities can be explained by a common reproductive physiology
differences are that males have a refractory period

26
Q

Achievement motivation

A

the drive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals

27
Q

Approach goals

A

enjoyable and pleasant incentives that we are drawn toward

28
Q

Avoidance goal

A

an attempt to avoid an unpleasant outcome

29
Q

Companionate love

A

related to tenderness, and to the affection we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person

30
Q

Extrinsic motivation

performance motive

A

motivation geared toward gaining rewards or public recognition, or avoiding embarrassment

31
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

the process of being internally motivated to perform behaviours and overcome challenges

32
Q

Need to belong (affiliation motivation)

A

the motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings such as warmth

33
Q

Passionate love

A

associated with a physical and emotional longing for the other person

34
Q

Self-determination theory

A

an individual’s ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree to which he or she is in control of the behaviours necessary to achieve those goals

35
Q

Self-efficacy

A

an individual’s confidence that he or she can plan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem

36
Q

why do people experience a need to belong

A

People seek out friendships, romantic relationships, and group membership to satisfy a need for personal relationships

37
Q

Passionate vs. Companionate love

A

passionate involves a physical and emotional longing

companionate love involves tenderness about lives being intertwined and is related to long term stability

38
Q

1692 emotion

A

asdawdas

39
Q

Amygdala

A

a group of nuclei in the medial portion (near the middle) of the temporal lobes in each hemisphere of the brain

40
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

suggested that the brain interprets a situation and generates subjective emotional feelings, and that these representations in the brain trigger responses in the body.

41
Q

Display rules

A

the unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is appropriate to show a certain emotion

42
Q

Emotion

A

behaviour with the following three components…

  1. a subjective thought and/or experience with
  2. accompanying patterns of neural activity and physical arousal and
  3. an observable behavioural expression
43
Q

Emotional dialects

A

variations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed

44
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

suggests that our emotional expressions can influence our subjective emotional states.

45
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

suggested that our physiological reactions to stimuli precede the emotional experience

46
Q

Two-factor theory

A

patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences

47
Q

How does the nervous system respond to emotions

A
  • amygdala triggers activity in other brain areas to determine how much attention a stimulus receives
  • sympathetic nervous system quickly prepares us for flight or fight
  • frontal lobe determines whether we should continue emotional response
48
Q

what expressions are universal

A

fear, anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, and disgust

Psychology 1200 (16 decks)

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