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Psychology 1200 > unit 7 > Flashcards

unit 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A

Memory is comprised of various subsystems

- stores & control processes

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2
Q

Sensory Memory

A

a memory store that accurate;y holds perceptual information for a very brief amount of time

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3
Q

Spotlight of attention

A

allows some sensory information to be transferred to STM

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4
Q

Change blindness

A

occurs when information is outside the spotlight of attention

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5
Q

Short-term memory (STM)

A

a memory store with limited capacity and duration (<1 minute)

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6
Q

Chunking

A

organizing smaller units of information into larger, more meaningful units

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7
Q

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A

is a memory store that holds information for extended periods of time

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8
Q

Retrieval

A

bring information from LTM back into STM

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9
Q

Serial position effect

A

recalling earlier and later items from a list

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10
Q

Working Memory (WM)

A

short - term remembering that includes memory components that can store small amounts of information for a short period of time

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11
Q

Working memory consists of

A

phonological loop, episodic buffer, and visuospatial sketchpad

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12
Q

Phonological Loop

A

storage component of WM that relies on rehearsal and stores information/sounds

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13
Q

Word-length effect

A

People remember more one syllable words

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14
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

storage component of WM that maintains visual images

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15
Q

Episodic buffer

A

storage component of WM that combines the images and sounds from the other two components into coherent episodes

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16
Q

Central Executive

A

the control center of WM; it controls attention and the exchange of info among storage components

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17
Q

Declarative (explicit) memories

A

memories that are conscious and can be verbalized

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18
Q

Nondeclarative (implicit) memories

A

includes actions or memories that you can remember or perform without awareness

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19
Q

Types of declarative memories

A

Semantic memories and episodic memories

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20
Q

Semantic Memories

A

memories that include our general knowledge

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21
Q

Episodic memories

A

memories of personal experiences recalled from a first- person perspective

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22
Q

types of non declarative memories

A

Classical conditioning and procedural memories

23
Q

Procedural memories

A

include pattern of muscle movements (motor memory)

24
Q

Priming

A

previous exposure to a stimulus will affect later responses

25
Q

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

A

increase in connectivity of neural signals between nerve cells that fire together
- Hippocampus

26
Q

Consolidation

A

converting short-term memories into long-term memories in the brain

27
Q

memory decays without…

A

consolidation

28
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

inability to remember what was already known at the onset of amnesia

29
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

inability or limited ability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia

30
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

prolonging exposure to information by repeating it

31
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

prolonging exposure to information by thinking about its meaning

32
Q

Levels of processing

A

shallow and deep processing

33
Q

Shallow processing

A

involves superficial properties of a stimulus

34
Q

Deep processing

A

related to an item’s meaning or its function

35
Q

Recognition

A

identifying a stimulus when it is presented

36
Q

Recall

A

retrieving information when asked, without the information being present

37
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A

predicts that retrieval is most effective when it is in the same context as encoding

38
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

detailed memory about an event and the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event

39
Q

Mnemonics

A

techniques that are intended to improve memory for specific information

40
Q

Acronyms

A

pronounceable word whose letters represent the initials of an important phrase or set of items

41
Q

First letter technique

A

uses the first letters of a set of items to spell out words that form a sentence

42
Q

Dual coding

A

occurs when information is stored in more than one form

43
Q

Method of loci

A

a mnemonic that connects words to be remembered to locations along a familiar path

44
Q

Testing effect

A

taking a practice test can improve exam performance

45
Q

Spacing effect

A

Material is better recalled when studied over a period of short sessions spaced apart, instead of in one long session

46
Q

Schemas

A

an organized cluster of memories that constitutes one’s knowledge

47
Q

Constructive Memory

A

a process by which we first recall a generalized schema and then add in specific details

48
Q

False memory

A

remembering events that did not occur, or incorrectly recalling details of an event

49
Q

Misinformation effect

A

when information occurring after an event becomes part of the memory for that event

50
Q

DRM procedure–Intrusion

A

recall of ‘critical lure’

51
Q

Reality monitoring

A

ability to distinguish between memories for events that have actually occurred and memories for imagined events

52
Q

Source monitoring

A

ability to properly attribute how (i.e., from what source) a memory originated

53
Q

Imagination inflation

A

the increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of the event

54
Q

Recovered memories

A

memories of traumatic events that are suddenly recovered after blocking the memory of that event for a long period of time

Psychology 1200 (16 decks)

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