Unit 14 Flashcards
Body mass index (BMI)
a statistic commonly used for estimating a healthy body weight given an individual’s height
Social contagion
the unintentional spreading of a behaviour as a result of social interactions
Social resilience
the ability to keep positive relationships and to recover from social isolation and life stressors
How does genetic and environmental factors influence obesity
genetic influence set point
environmental factors are cultural, family, and socioeconomic factors
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14.2
Coronary heart disease
a condition in which plaques form in the blood vessels
Cortisol
a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prepares for stressful situations
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
a theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
a neural and endocrine circuit that provides communication between the nervous (hypo), and the endocrine system (adrenal glands and pituitary)
Individual zone of optimal functioning
IZOF
a range of emotional intensity in which they most likely to perform at they best
Oxytocin
a stress-sensitive hormone that is associated with maternal bonding and social relationships
Psychoneuroimmunology
the study of the relationship between the immune and nervous system functioning
Stress
a psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when demands exceed resources to meet the demands
Type A personality
people tend to be impatient and worry
- competitive, easily angered, motivated
Type B personality
people who are laid back and patient
what are the physiological reactions that occur under stress
(fight or flight)
stressor → hypothalamus stimulates symp. nervous system → release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla
what are the physiological reactions that occur under stress
(HPA axis)
hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to release hormones → adrenal cortex is stimulated → cortisol is released
How does stress effect the immune system?
cortisol supresses the immune system
does stress cause ulcers
nope, but it can worsen the condition
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14.3
Biofeedback
a therapeutic technique that uses physiological recording instrument to provide feedback that increases awareness of bodily responses
Brain-dervied neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
a protein in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and the formation of new synapses
Compensatory control
psychological strategies people use to preserve a sense of order when personal control is compromised
Coping
refers to proesses used to manage demands, stress, and conflict
Meditation
any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state where an individual is highly focused
Mindful-based stress reduction (MBSR)
a structured relaxation program based on elements of mindfulness meditation
Negative affectivity
the tendency to respond to problems with a pattern of anxiety, hostility, anger, guilt, or nervousness
Optimism
positive perception
Pessimism
negative perception
Pessimistic explanatory style
the tendency to interpret and explain negative events as internally based and a constant quality
Post traumatic growth
the capacity to grow and experience long-term positive effects in response to negative events
Resilience
the ability to effectively recover from illness or adversity
How does control over environment affect coping and outlook?
- 0 control leads to learned helplessness
- some control helps people to cope with bad events
What are the positive and negative styles of coping
positive coping creates resilience and post traumatic growth
negative coping creates negative affectivity and pessimism
can relaxation techniques like meditation and biofeedback be effective?
yes!
