Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 1200 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

Biological Psychology

1
Q

Chromosomes

A

structure in the cellular nucleus that are lined with all of the genes an individual inherits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA

A

a molecule formed in a double-helix shape that contains 4 types of nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genes

A

the basic unit of heredity; guide to protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phenotype

A

the observable characteristics, including physical structures & behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homozygous

A

when genes at a particular location the same on each chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hereozygous

A

when the genes at a particular location are different on each chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behavioural genetics

A

the study of how genes and environment influence behaviour

- twin adoption studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heritability of 0 to 1

A

Measures the degree to which genetics explains individual differences in behaviour or trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Behavioural genomics

A

the study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

One gene is not…

A

limited to one trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of evolutionary psychology

A

Human mate preferences

  • Females tend to prefer strong, committed financially secure males
  • Males tend to prefer youthful, physically beautiful females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neural plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change the structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adult neruogenesis

A

formation of new neurons that are integrated into the adult brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gilial cells

A

specialized cells of the nervous system that are involved in many functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of gilial cells

A
  1. Surround and hold in place neurons
  2. Supplying nutrients and oxygen to neurons
  3. Insulating neurons from one another
  4. Mounting immune responses
  5. Clearing neurotransmitters after release
  6. Making myelin sheath
  7. saltatory conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cations

A

positively charged ions

  • Sodium (Na+)
  • Potassium (K+)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anions

A

negatively charged ions

- Chloride (Cl-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concentration gradient

A

ions naturally diffuse from areas of high concentration to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Resting potential

A

refers to a neuron’s stables, inactive state during which the cell is not transmitting or receiving messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Action potential

A

a wave of the electrical activity that originates at the base of the axon and rapidly travel travels down its length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Refeactory period

A

a brief period during which a neuron cannot fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

the minute space between the terminal button and the dendrite of another neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Reuptake

A

a process whereby neurotransmitters released into the synapse are reabsorbed into the axon terminals
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Glutamate is the primary transmitter for...
excitatory functions
26
GABA is the primary transmitter for...
inhibitory functions
27
Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for...
movement
28
Dopamine controls...
movement and the reward center
29
Norepinephrine generates...
levels of arousal
30
Serotinin is important for...
mood regulation
31
Excitatory neurotransmitters...
increase the likelihood of an action potential occurring
32
Inhibitory neurotransmitters...
decrease the likelihood of an action potential occurring
33
Agonists
drugs that enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotransmitters action
34
Antagonists
inhibit neurotransmitter activity by blocking receptors or preventing synthesis of the transmitter
35
Direct agonist
- binds to receptor | - enhances the neurotransmitter
36
Indirect agonist
- does not bind to the receptor | - enhances the neurotransmitter
37
Antagonist
- binds to the receptor | - does not enhance the neurotransmitter
38
Parts of the hindbrain
medulla, pons, and cerebellum
39
Function of medulla and pons
involuntary movement, breathing, sleep patterns, and communication between parts of the brain
40
Function of cerebellum
muscle memory (motor programming) and refined movement
41
Parts of the midbrain
Tectum, and substantia nigra
42
Tectum
consists of the superior Colliculus which orients out visual attention, and the inferior Colliculus which orients out auditory attention
43
Substantia nigra
connected with the forebrain and plays a role in production voluntary movements - affected in parkinsons
44
Parts of the forebrain
Ventricles, Basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens, and limbic system
45
Function of ventricles
contain cerebrospinal fluid which removes waste products and supplies nutrients and hormones to the brain and spine
46
Function of basal ganglia
involved in facilitating planned movements and skill learning
47
Function of nucleus accumbens
integrates sensory and movement information with the brain’s reward system
48
Parts of the limbic system
amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus
49
Amygdala
processes emotional responses and stimuli
50
Hippocampus
critical for learning and formation and new memories
51
Thalamus
relays sensory information to different regions of the brain
52
Hypothalamus
regulates basic biological needs and motivation systems
53
Homeostasis
the balance of energy, metabolism, body temperature, and other basic functions that keep the body working
54
Pituitary gland
master gland of the endocrine system
55
Hormones
chemicals secreted by the glands of the endocrine system
56
Parts of the cerebral cortex
Grey matter, white matter, frontal loves, parietal lobes, occipital lobes, corpus callosum, and temporal lobes
57
Grey matter
composed of cell bodies and dendrites
58
White matter
composed of myelinated axons that interconnect the different structures of the brain
59
Frontal lobes
important for many ‘higher’ cognitive functions, such as planning, inhibition of impulses and emotion, language production, and voluntary movement - Primary motor cortex
60
Parietal lobes
Somatosensory cortex: responsible for touch sensations for various body parts
61
Occipital lobes
located at the rear of the brain, where visual information is processed
62
Temporal lobes
located at the sides of the brain near the ears, and involved in hearing, language, and aspects of vision such as object and face recognition
63
Corpus callosum
a densely concentrated bundle of nerve cells connecting the two hemispheres
64
Broca's area
involved in articulating spoken words | - left side
65
Wernicke's area
involved in comprehension of spoken and written language | - left side
66
Divisions of the nervous system
autonomic nervous system - sympathetc and parasympathetic division Somatic nervous system
67
Autonomic system
controls organs, glands, and other automatic processes in the body
68
Sympathetic division
Fight or flight response
69
Parasympathetic division
maintains bodily functions and conserves resources (rest and digest)
70
Somatic nervous system
Controls muscles and transmits sensory info

Psychology 1200 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions