1. obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities 2. supporting aggression against those who differ from the social order 3. believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order

Unit 12 Flashcards by Rachel Rae

Dark Triad

Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism

- description of a person who is socially destructive and likely to commit harm

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Factor analysis

technique used to group items that people response to similarly

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Five Factor Model

a trait-based theory of personality based on that finding that personality can be described using 5 major dimensions

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HEXACO model

a six factor theory that replicates the 5 factors in FFM and adds Honesty-humility

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idiographic approach

focuses in creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s personality characteristics

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Nomothetic approach

examines personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations

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Personality

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is unique to each individual, and remains consistent

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Personality trait

a specific psychological characteristic that makes up part of a person’s personality

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Reciprocal determinism

behaviour, internal factors, and external factors interact to determine one another, and our personalities are
based on interactions among these three aspects

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Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)

a problematic set of personality characteristics that also predisposes people to certain types of violent or anti-social tendencies.

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3 tendencies of RWA

obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities
supporting aggression against those who differ from the social order
believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order

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State

a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour

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behaviorist view of personality

stimuli controls a person response. no reference to cognitive factors

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Social-cognitive view of personality

emphasizes that situations, behaviours, and thoughts determine each other

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Parts of the big five factor model

openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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how does personality and physical states determine behaviour?

both are important factors.

personality is quite consistent, yet situations can lead to unexpected behaviour

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Arousal theory of extraversion

extraverts need more stimulation because they are understimulated typically

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Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)

plays a central role in controlling arousal response

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Behavioural Activation System (BAS)

is a “go” system arousing the person to action in the pursuit of goals

Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

a “danger” system motivating the person to action in order to avoid punishments (or negative outcomes)

Humourism

theory explaining both physical illnesses and disorders of personality resulting from key fluid imbalances in body

Phrenology

theory that personality is related to skull shape

Response styles

characteristic ways of responding to questions

How do evolutionary theories explain personality

personality traits evolved because they solved environmental and social problems

how is arousal related to extraversion

highly extraverted have a less reactive ARAS so they perfer more stimulated environments introverts had a highly reactice ARAS and like lower levels of stimulation

analyze claims that genders have specific personalities

females tend to be more conscientious, agreeable, extraverted and neurotic than males

Explain genetic basis of personality

personality emerges through the interaction of genes and the environment - identical twins more similar than faternal

Analytical personality

focuses on the role of unconscious archetypes in personality development

Personal unconscious

a vast repository of experiences and patterns absorbed during a person's life

collective unconscious

a separated, non-personal real of unconscious that holds the collective memories and mythologies of humankind, stretching into ancestral past

archetypes

images and symbols that reflect common patterns of experience across all culture

Inferiority complex

the struggle with feelings of inferiority what stem from feelings of helplessness and powerlessness during childhood

Conscious mind

your current awareness, containing everything you are aware of now

Unconscious mind

a more vast and powerful but inaccessible part of consciousness

Defence mechanisms

unconscious strategies the ego uses to reduce or avoid anxiety

types of defence mechanisms

denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, and sublimation

Person-centered perspective

the assumption that people are good and given the right environment, will develop fully and normally.

Self actualization

the drive to grow and fulfill one's potential

Protective tests

personality tests in which ambiguous images are presented to an individuals to elicit responses

Thematic Apperception test (TAT)

asks respondent to tell stories about ambiguous pictures

How are defence mechanisms used to cope?

includes denying urges, displacing them, and findind more acceptable ways of expressing them

explain developmental stages from freud

each stage is associated with a unique conflict as a ego and superego develop - failure to resolve conflict can result in fixation

Fixation

involves becoming preoccupied with obtaining pleasure associated with a particular stage

freuds developmental stages

oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital

Are projective tests valid measures of personality

they can be useful tools to provide insight, but are not valid ways

what are the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic perspectives

pros: can provide compelling explanations for human motivation cons: little scientific backing

Parts of the five factor model

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.