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Psychology 1200 > Unit 12 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Dark Triad

A

Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism

- description of a person who is socially destructive and likely to commit harm

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2
Q

Factor analysis

A

technique used to group items that people response to similarly

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3
Q

Five Factor Model

A

a trait-based theory of personality based on that finding that personality can be described using 5 major dimensions

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4
Q

HEXACO model

A

a six factor theory that replicates the 5 factors in FFM and adds Honesty-humility

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5
Q

idiographic approach

A

focuses in creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s personality characteristics

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6
Q

Nomothetic approach

A

examines personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations

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7
Q

Personality

A

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is unique to each individual, and remains consistent

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8
Q

Personality trait

A

a specific psychological characteristic that makes up part of a person’s personality

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9
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

behaviour, internal factors, and external factors interact to determine one another, and our personalities are
based on interactions among these three aspects

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10
Q

Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)

A

a problematic set of personality characteristics that also predisposes people to certain types of violent or anti-social tendencies.

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11
Q

3 tendencies of RWA

A
  1. obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities
  2. supporting aggression against those who differ from the social order
  3. believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order
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12
Q

State

A

a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour

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13
Q

behaviorist view of personality

A

stimuli controls a person response. no reference to cognitive factors

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14
Q

Social-cognitive view of personality

A

emphasizes that situations, behaviours, and thoughts determine each other

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15
Q

Parts of the big five factor model

A 
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
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16
Q

how does personality and physical states determine behaviour?

A

both are important factors.

personality is quite consistent, yet situations can lead to unexpected behaviour

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17
Q

Arousal theory of extraversion

A

extraverts need more stimulation because they are understimulated typically

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18
Q

Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)

A

plays a central role in controlling arousal response

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19
Q

Behavioural Activation System (BAS)

A

is a “go” system arousing the person to action in the pursuit of goals

20
Q

Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

A

a “danger” system motivating the person to action in order to avoid punishments (or negative outcomes)

21
Q

Humourism

A

theory explaining both physical illnesses and disorders of personality resulting from key fluid imbalances in body

22
Q

Phrenology

A

theory that personality is related to skull shape

23
Q

Response styles

A

characteristic ways of responding to questions

24
Q

How do evolutionary theories explain personality

A

personality traits evolved because they solved environmental and social problems

25
Q

how is arousal related to extraversion

A

highly extraverted have a less reactive ARAS so they perfer more stimulated environments
introverts had a highly reactice ARAS and like lower levels of stimulation

26
Q

analyze claims that genders have specific personalities

A

females tend to be more conscientious, agreeable, extraverted and neurotic than males

27
Q

Explain genetic basis of personality

A

personality emerges through the interaction of genes and the environment
- identical twins more similar than faternal

28
Q

Analytical personality

A

focuses on the role of unconscious archetypes in personality development

29
Q

Personal unconscious

A

a vast repository of experiences and patterns absorbed during a person’s life

30
Q

collective unconscious

A

a separated, non-personal real of unconscious that holds the collective memories and mythologies of humankind, stretching into ancestral past

31
Q

archetypes

A

images and symbols that reflect common patterns of experience across all culture

32
Q

Inferiority complex

A

the struggle with feelings of inferiority what stem from feelings of helplessness and powerlessness during childhood

33
Q

Conscious mind

A

your current awareness, containing everything you are aware of now

34
Q

Unconscious mind

A

a more vast and powerful but inaccessible part of consciousness

35
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

unconscious strategies the ego uses to reduce or avoid anxiety

36
Q

types of defence mechanisms

A

denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, and sublimation

37
Q

Person-centered perspective

A

the assumption that people are good and given the right environment, will develop fully and normally.

38
Q

Self actualization

A

the drive to grow and fulfill one’s potential

39
Q

Protective tests

A

personality tests in which ambiguous images are presented to an individuals to elicit responses

40
Q

Thematic Apperception test (TAT)

A

asks respondent to tell stories about ambiguous pictures

41
Q

How are defence mechanisms used to cope?

A

includes denying urges, displacing them, and findind more acceptable ways of expressing them

42
Q

explain developmental stages from freud

A

each stage is associated with a unique conflict as a ego and superego develop
- failure to resolve conflict can result in fixation

43
Q

Fixation

A

involves becoming preoccupied with obtaining pleasure associated with a particular stage

44
Q

freuds developmental stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital

45
Q

Are projective tests valid measures of personality

A

they can be useful tools to provide insight, but are not valid ways

46
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic perspectives

A

pros: can provide compelling explanations for human motivation
cons: little scientific backing

47
Q

Parts of the five factor model

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Psychology 1200 (16 decks)

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