Unit 8A Flashcards
Nurture/environment, learned motives
Social motives
Nature/ biology, unlearned motives
Primary motive
Need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal
Motivation
Complex behavior that is a fixed pattern and is unlearned
Instinct
A physiological need creates a drive that motivates an organism to fulfill that need
Drive reduction theory
Maintaining a constant or balanced internal state
Homeostasis
Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
Must satisfy needs before going to safety and psychological needs
Hierarchy of needs
Proposed the hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Behaviors that increase excitement; curiosity driven
Arousal theory
Starts eating
Lateral hypothalamus
Stops eating
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Form of sugar that circulates blood and provide the major source of energy to body tissues
Glucose
An individual’s “weight thermostat” is set.
Set point
Body’s resting rate of energy expidenture
Basal metabolic rate
Discuss psychological, cultural, and situational influences on hunger and eating
Our mood, remembering of when we last ate, genetics, and culture controls how hungry or how much we eat
A person who diets then becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat and continues to starve
Anorexia nervosa
Overeating high calorie foods, then follows with vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise
Bulimia nervosa
What are some hormones that arouses our eating?
Orexin, insulin, ghrelin
What hormones are suppressors?
PYY, leptin, obestatin
4 states of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson
Sexual response cycle
What are the four phases of the sexual response cycle?
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Resting period after orgasm, where a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory period
Did research on sexual motivation
Alfred Kinsey
Discuss the impact of external stimuli and fantasies on sexual motivation and behavior
Women and men become a roused when they see, hear, or read erotic material
What are some healthy and unhealthy consequences of our need to belong
Helps us to survive, boosts our mood and self esteem
What are some factors that influence adolescent sexual behavior?
Lack of knowledge, alcohol use, media
What are some biological influences on sexual orientation?
There are some same sex animal couples, straight-gay differences in body and brain characteristics, and a critical period during prenatal development during which exposure to certain hormones affects orientation
