Unit 1 Flashcards by Kaitlin C

Knowledge comes from experience; science relies on observation and experimentation

Empiricism

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An early school of psychology that focuses on the most basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

Structuralism

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Exploring functions of experience, emotions, memories, etc.; how they enable us to survive and adapt

Functionalism

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Psychologists who explore behavior and thinking with experimentation

Experimental psychology

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Professor who created the first psychological laboratory; experiments of introspection and self reflection

Wilhelm Wundt

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Student of Wundt who introduced structuralism; wanted to discover the structure of the mind

William James

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Assumed that thinking was adaptive; mentored Calkins at Harvard. School of unctionalism

Edward Titchener

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Was supposed to get a Havard PhD but was denied it; became the first female president of APA

Mary Calkins

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First woman to receive a PhD in psychology and synthesized animal behavior

Mary Washburn

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First PhD in psychology in America; first president of APA

G. Stanley Hall

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Looking inward and reporting (structuralism)

Introspection

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Science of behavior and mental processes

Psychology

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Study of behavior with no reference to mental processes; Observable environment reactions, rewards, punishments

Behaviorism

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How environments influence growth and the importance of love and acceptance; present looking into the future

Humanistic Psychology

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Study of the brain and how it’s linked with mental activity

Cognitive neuroscience

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Emphasized how childhood and unconscious behavior affected us

Sigmund Freud

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Studied how consequences shape behavior

B.F. Skinner

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Redefined psychology along with Skinner; study of observable behavior

John Watson

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Emphasized how the environment influences on growth and needs of love and acceptance

Abraham Maslow

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Pioneered the study of learning

Ivan Pavlov

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Most influential observer of children

Jean Piaget

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One of the founders of humanistic psychology

Carl Rogers

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Nature chooses traits that help someone to survive and reproduce in a certain environment

Natural Selection

Introduced evolution and natural selection

Charles Darwin

Knowledge of psychology through research

Basic psychology

Application of the principles discovered by research

Applied psychology

What are the 4 goals of psychology?

Describe, explain, predict, control

Question that do traits come from experience or were we born this way

Nature-nurture

Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon

Levels of analysis

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis; how the body and brain turn on emotions

Biopsychosocial

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Biological psychology

How natural selection of traits promote the survival of genes

Evolutionary psychology

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. How the past affects our thoughts and actions

Psychodynamic psychology

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

Behavioral Psychology

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicatin

Cognitive Psychology

Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth

Humanistic Psychology

How thinking and actions vary in different situations

Social-cultural Psychology

Measurement of abilities, attitudes, and traits

Psychometrics

Science that increases scientific knowledge

Basic research

Scientific studies to solve practical problems

Applied research

Helps people to cope with crises and challenges

Counseling psychology

Studies changing abilities from womb to tomb

Developmental psychology

Studies influence of teaching and learning

Educational psychology

The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

Personality psychology

How one views and affects one another

Social psychology

Treat behavior, mental, and emotional disorders

Clinical psychology

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Industrial Organization psychology

Uses psychotherapy and also prescribes medicine for disorders

Psychiatry

Survey, question, read, rehearse, review

SQ3R

Describe the evolution of psychology as defined from the 1920's through today

Developed from philosophy and biology. People started to think about how our childhood and consequences affected our behavior

Why are the main levels of analysis in biopsychological approach are complementary to each other?

Paint a bigger picture of psychology

Who were structuralists?

Wundt, Titchener

Who was behaviorist?

Skinner, Watson, Pavlov

Who was humanistic?

Maslow, Rogers

Who were functionalists?

James

the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments

Human factors psychology

Behaviorist, "Little Albert"

John Watson & Rosalie Rayner