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AP Psychology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Knowledge comes from experience; science relies on observation and experimentation

A

Empiricism

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2
Q

An early school of psychology that focuses on the most basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

A

Structuralism

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3
Q

Exploring functions of experience, emotions, memories, etc.; how they enable us to survive and adapt

A

Functionalism

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4
Q

Psychologists who explore behavior and thinking with experimentation

A

Experimental psychology

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5
Q

Professor who created the first psychological laboratory; experiments of introspection and self reflection

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

Student of Wundt who introduced structuralism; wanted to discover the structure of the mind

A

William James

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7
Q

Assumed that thinking was adaptive; mentored Calkins at Harvard. School of unctionalism

A

Edward Titchener

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8
Q

Was supposed to get a Havard PhD but was denied it; became the first female president of APA

A

Mary Calkins

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9
Q

First woman to receive a PhD in psychology and synthesized animal behavior

A

Mary Washburn

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10
Q

First PhD in psychology in America; first president of APA

A

G. Stanley Hall

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11
Q

Looking inward and reporting (structuralism)

A

Introspection

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12
Q

Science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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13
Q

Study of behavior with no reference to mental processes; Observable environment reactions, rewards, punishments

A

Behaviorism

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14
Q

How environments influence growth and the importance of love and acceptance; present looking into the future

A

Humanistic Psychology

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15
Q

Study of the brain and how it’s linked with mental activity

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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16
Q

Emphasized how childhood and unconscious behavior affected us

A

Sigmund Freud

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17
Q

Studied how consequences shape behavior

A

B.F. Skinner

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18
Q

Redefined psychology along with Skinner; study of observable behavior

A

John Watson

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19
Q

Emphasized how the environment influences on growth and needs of love and acceptance

A

Abraham Maslow

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20
Q

Pioneered the study of learning

A

Ivan Pavlov

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21
Q

Most influential observer of children

A

Jean Piaget

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22
Q

One of the founders of humanistic psychology

A

Carl Rogers

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23
Q

Nature chooses traits that help someone to survive and reproduce in a certain environment

A

Natural Selection

24
Q

Introduced evolution and natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

25
Q

Knowledge of psychology through research

A

Basic psychology

26
Q

Application of the principles discovered by research

A

Applied psychology

27
Q

What are the 4 goals of psychology?

A

Describe, explain, predict, control

28
Q

Question that do traits come from experience or were we born this way

A

Nature-nurture

29
Q

Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of analysis

30
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis; how the body and brain turn on emotions

A

Biopsychosocial

31
Q

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

A

Biological psychology

32
Q

How natural selection of traits promote the survival of genes

A

Evolutionary psychology

33
Q

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. How the past affects our thoughts and actions

A

Psychodynamic psychology

34
Q

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

A

Behavioral Psychology

35
Q

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicatin

A

Cognitive Psychology

36
Q

Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

A

Humanistic Psychology

37
Q

How thinking and actions vary in different situations

A

Social-cultural Psychology

38
Q

Measurement of abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometrics

39
Q

Science that increases scientific knowledge

A

Basic research

40
Q

Scientific studies to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

41
Q

Helps people to cope with crises and challenges

A

Counseling psychology

42
Q

Studies changing abilities from womb to tomb

A

Developmental psychology

43
Q

Studies influence of teaching and learning

A

Educational psychology

44
Q

The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

A

Personality psychology

45
Q

How one views and affects one another

A

Social psychology

46
Q

Treat behavior, mental, and emotional disorders

A

Clinical psychology

47
Q

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial Organization psychology

48
Q

Uses psychotherapy and also prescribes medicine for disorders

A

Psychiatry

49
Q

Survey, question, read, rehearse, review

A

SQ3R

50
Q

Describe the evolution of psychology as defined from the 1920’s through today

A

Developed from philosophy and biology. People started to think about how our childhood and consequences affected our behavior

51
Q

Why are the main levels of analysis in biopsychological approach are complementary to each other?

A

Paint a bigger picture of psychology

52
Q

Who were structuralists?

A

Wundt, Titchener

53
Q

Who was behaviorist?

A

Skinner, Watson, Pavlov

54
Q

Who was humanistic?

A

Maslow, Rogers

55
Q

Who were functionalists?

A

James

56
Q

the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments

A

Human factors psychology

57
Q

Behaviorist, “Little Albert”

A

John Watson & Rosalie Rayner

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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