Unit 1 Flashcards
Knowledge comes from experience; science relies on observation and experimentation
Empiricism
An early school of psychology that focuses on the most basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences
Structuralism
Exploring functions of experience, emotions, memories, etc.; how they enable us to survive and adapt
Functionalism
Psychologists who explore behavior and thinking with experimentation
Experimental psychology
Professor who created the first psychological laboratory; experiments of introspection and self reflection
Wilhelm Wundt
Student of Wundt who introduced structuralism; wanted to discover the structure of the mind
William James
Assumed that thinking was adaptive; mentored Calkins at Harvard. School of unctionalism
Edward Titchener
Was supposed to get a Havard PhD but was denied it; became the first female president of APA
Mary Calkins
First woman to receive a PhD in psychology and synthesized animal behavior
Mary Washburn
First PhD in psychology in America; first president of APA
G. Stanley Hall
Looking inward and reporting (structuralism)
Introspection
Science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
Study of behavior with no reference to mental processes; Observable environment reactions, rewards, punishments
Behaviorism
How environments influence growth and the importance of love and acceptance; present looking into the future
Humanistic Psychology
Study of the brain and how it’s linked with mental activity
Cognitive neuroscience
Emphasized how childhood and unconscious behavior affected us
Sigmund Freud
Studied how consequences shape behavior
B.F. Skinner
Redefined psychology along with Skinner; study of observable behavior
John Watson
Emphasized how the environment influences on growth and needs of love and acceptance
Abraham Maslow
Pioneered the study of learning
Ivan Pavlov
Most influential observer of children
Jean Piaget
One of the founders of humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers
Nature chooses traits that help someone to survive and reproduce in a certain environment
Natural Selection
Introduced evolution and natural selection
Charles Darwin
Knowledge of psychology through research
Basic psychology
Application of the principles discovered by research
Applied psychology
What are the 4 goals of psychology?
Describe, explain, predict, control
Question that do traits come from experience or were we born this way
Nature-nurture
Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon
Levels of analysis
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis; how the body and brain turn on emotions
Biopsychosocial
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Biological psychology
How natural selection of traits promote the survival of genes
Evolutionary psychology
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. How the past affects our thoughts and actions
Psychodynamic psychology
The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning
Behavioral Psychology
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicatin
Cognitive Psychology
Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth
Humanistic Psychology
How thinking and actions vary in different situations
Social-cultural Psychology
Measurement of abilities, attitudes, and traits
Psychometrics
Science that increases scientific knowledge
Basic research
Scientific studies to solve practical problems
Applied research
Helps people to cope with crises and challenges
Counseling psychology
Studies changing abilities from womb to tomb
Developmental psychology
Studies influence of teaching and learning
Educational psychology
The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
Personality psychology
How one views and affects one another
Social psychology
Treat behavior, mental, and emotional disorders
Clinical psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial Organization psychology
Uses psychotherapy and also prescribes medicine for disorders
Psychiatry
Survey, question, read, rehearse, review
SQ3R
Describe the evolution of psychology as defined from the 1920’s through today
Developed from philosophy and biology. People started to think about how our childhood and consequences affected our behavior
Why are the main levels of analysis in biopsychological approach are complementary to each other?
Paint a bigger picture of psychology
Who were structuralists?
Wundt, Titchener
Who was behaviorist?
Skinner, Watson, Pavlov
Who was humanistic?
Maslow, Rogers
Who were functionalists?
James
the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
Human factors psychology
Behaviorist, “Little Albert”
John Watson & Rosalie Rayner
