Unit 10

Question 1

Gateway to the unconscious through dreams

Answer 1

Dream analysis

Question 2

An individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 2

Personality

Question 3

Person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

Answer 3

Free association

Question 4

Seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Answer 4

Psychoanalysis

Question 5

Reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and emotions

Answer 5

Unconscious

Question 6

Studied the unconscious thoughts and desires

Answer 6

Sigmund Freud

Question 7

Reservoir of unconscious energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; pleasure principle

Answer 7

Id

Question 8

Largely conscious executive part of personality that mediates among the demands of id, superego, and reality

Answer 8

Ego

Question 9

Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgments and future aspirations; conscience

Answer 9

Superego

Question 10

Id’s pleasure seeking energizes focus on erogenous zones

Answer 10

Psychosexual stages

Question 11

Boy’s sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of hatred towards the father

Answer 11

Oedipus complex

Question 12

Children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Answer 12

Identification

Question 13

Lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

Answer 13

Fixation

Question 14

What are the stages of psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 14

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 15

Ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety of unconsciously distorting reality

Answer 15

Defense mechanism

Question 16

Banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Answer 16

Repression

Question 17

An individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage

Answer 17

Regression

Question 18

Ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Answer 18

Reaction Formation

Question 19

People disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Answer 19

Projection

Question 20

Self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Answer 20

Rationalization

Question 21

Shifts sexual or aggressive impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

Answer 21

Displacement

Question 22

People re-channel their unaccepted impulses into socially approved activities

Answer 22

Sublimation

Question 23

People refuse to believe or perceive painful realities

Answer 23

Denial

Question 24

Shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

Answer 24

Collective unconscious

Question 25

Childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security

Answer 25

Karen Horney

Question 26

Believed that we had a collective unconscious

Answer 26

Carl Jung

Question 27

Our behavior is driven directly by efforts to conquer our childhood's feelings of inferiority; social aspect

Answer 27

Alfred Adler

Question 28

Personality test to show our inner dynamics

Answer 28

Projective test

Question 29

Expresses our inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Answer 29

Thematic Apperception test

Question 30

Seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of inkblots

Answer 30

Rorschach inkblot test

Question 31

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Answer 31

False consensus effect

Question 32

Explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of the impending death

Answer 32

Terror-management theory

Question 33

Rises after physiological and psychological needs are met, motivation to achieve one's potential

Answer 33

Self actualization

Question 34

An attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Answer 34

Unconditional positive regard

Question 35

All thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Answer 35

Self concept

Question 36

We are motivated by a hierarchy of needs; humanistic

Answer 36

Abraham Maslow

Question 37

Meaning, purpose, communion beyond self

Answer 37

Self transcendence

Question 38

Identifies clusters of words that help us explain traits

Answer 38

Factor analysis

Question 39

Pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act that are assessed by self report inventories and peer reports

Answer 39

Trait

Question 40

What are the big 5 trait dimensions

Answer 40

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

Question 41

Questionnaire that gauges a wide range of feelings and behaviors; usually true and false questions

Answer 41

Personality inventory

Question 42

Testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups; have a pre-set way to answer

Answer 42

Empirically derived test

Question 43

Used to identify emotional disorders

Answer 43

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 44

Made the big 5 personality factors

Answer 44

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae

Question 45

Views behaviors influenced by people's traits and situations

Answer 45

Social cognitive perspective

Question 46

Interaction between personality and environment

Answer 46

Reciprocal determinism

Question 47

People perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Answer 47

Personal control

Question 48

Chance or outside forces beyond control that determines our fate

Answer 48

External locus of control

Question 49

Perception that we control our own fate

Answer 49

Internal locus of control

Question 50

Scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Answer 50

Positive psychology

Question 51

Proposed social-cognitive perspective

Answer 51

Albert Bandura

Question 52

Center of personality; organizer of thoughts, actions, and feelings

Answer 52

Self

Question 53

Overestimating other's noticing and evaluating our performance and blunders

Answer 53

Spotlight effect

Question 54

One's feelings of high or low self worth

Answer 54

Self-esteem

Question 55

Readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Answer 55

Self serving bias

Question 56

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and identity in terms of personal attributes

Answer 56

Individualism

Question 57

Giving priority to one's group and defining one's identity accordingly

Answer 57

Collectivism

Question 58

Our view of our ability to succeed

Answer 58

Self efficacy