Unit 7B

Question 1

Single correct answer

Answer 1

Convergent

Question 2

Multiple correct answers

Answer 2

Divergent

Question 3

Mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, knowing, and communicating

Answer 3

Cognition

Question 4

Mental grouping of objects, events, people, and ideas

Answer 4

Concept

Question 5

Mental image or best example of a category

Answer 5

Prototype

Question 6

What are the factors associated with creativity?

Answer 6

Expertise, imaginative thinking, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment

Question 7

Methodical, logical, or rule procedure that guarantees solving a problem

Answer 7

Alogrithm

Question 8

Simple, thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Answer 8

Heuristic

Question 9

Sudden realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 9

Insight

Question 10

Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 10

Creativity

Question 11

Researched insight by using a chimpanzee

Answer 11

Wolfgang Kohler

Question 12

Tendency to search for information that supports our perceptions and to ignore contradicting evidence

Answer 12

Confirmation bias

Question 13

Inability to see a problem in a new perspective

Answer 13

Fixation

Question 14

Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way

Answer 14

Mental set

Question 15

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Answer 15

Functional fixedness

Question 16

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, match, particular prototypes

Answer 16

Representativeness heuristic

Question 17

Estimating the likelihood in terms of their availability in memory

Answer 17

Availability heuristic

Question 18

Tendency to be more confident that correct; to overestimate our beliefs and judgements

Answer 18

Overconfidence

Question 19

Created the prospect theory

Answer 19

Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman

Question 20

The way an issue is posed

Answer 20

Framing

Question 21

Automatic feeling or thought

Answer 21

Intuition

Question 22

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the bass on which they were formed has be discredited

Answer 22

Belief perseverance

Question 23

What are the basic structural units of language?

Answer 23

Phonomes, morphemes, grammar

Question 24

Spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them for communication

Answer 24

Language

Question 25

Smallest, distinctive sound unit

Answer 25

Phoneme

Question 26

Smallest unit that carries meaning

Answer 26

Morpheme

Question 27

System of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Answer 27

Grammar

Question 28

The study of meaning set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences

Answer 28

Semantics

Question 29

Rules for combing words into grammatically sensible sentences

Answer 29

Syntax

Question 30

During about 4 months, the baby speaks utter sounds

Answer 30

Babbling stage

Question 31

About age 1 or 2, the child speaks mostly in single words

Answer 31

One-word stage

Question 32

About age 2, the child mostly speaks 2 word statements

Answer 32

Two word stage

Question 33

Early speech stage when a child speaks using nouns and verbs

Answer 33

Telegraphic speech

Question 34

Believed that we learn language from association, imitation, and reinforcement

Answer 34

BF Skinner

Question 35

Believed that given adequate nurture, language would naturally occur

Answer 35

Noam Chomsky

Question 36

Language determines the way we think

Answer 36

Linguistic determinism

Question 37

Language determines the way we think

Answer 37

Benjamin Whorf