Unit 7B Flashcards
Single correct answer
Convergent
Multiple correct answers
Divergent
Mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, knowing, and communicating
Cognition
Mental grouping of objects, events, people, and ideas
Concept
Mental image or best example of a category
Prototype
What are the factors associated with creativity?
Expertise, imaginative thinking, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment
Methodical, logical, or rule procedure that guarantees solving a problem
Alogrithm
Simple, thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
Heuristic
Sudden realization of the solution to a problem
Insight
Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Creativity
Researched insight by using a chimpanzee
Wolfgang Kohler
Tendency to search for information that supports our perceptions and to ignore contradicting evidence
Confirmation bias
Inability to see a problem in a new perspective
Fixation
Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way
Mental set
Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Functional fixedness
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, match, particular prototypes
Representativeness heuristic
Estimating the likelihood in terms of their availability in memory
Availability heuristic
Tendency to be more confident that correct; to overestimate our beliefs and judgements
Overconfidence
Created the prospect theory
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman
The way an issue is posed
Framing
Automatic feeling or thought
Intuition
Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the bass on which they were formed has be discredited
Belief perseverance
What are the basic structural units of language?
Phonomes, morphemes, grammar
Spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them for communication
Language
Smallest, distinctive sound unit
Phoneme
Smallest unit that carries meaning
Morpheme
System of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Grammar
The study of meaning set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences
Semantics
Rules for combing words into grammatically sensible sentences
Syntax
During about 4 months, the baby speaks utter sounds
Babbling stage
About age 1 or 2, the child speaks mostly in single words
One-word stage
About age 2, the child mostly speaks 2 word statements
Two word stage
Early speech stage when a child speaks using nouns and verbs
Telegraphic speech
Believed that we learn language from association, imitation, and reinforcement
BF Skinner
Believed that given adequate nurture, language would naturally occur
Noam Chomsky
Language determines the way we think
Linguistic determinism
Language determines the way we think
Benjamin Whorf
