Unit 14

Question 1

Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

We explain someone’s behavior by crediting the situation or the persons disposition

Answer 2

Attribution theory

Question 3

When analyzing behavior, we overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of the situation

Answer 3

Fundamental attribution error

Question 4

Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Answer 4

Attitude

Question 5

Interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Answer 5

Central route persuasion

Question 6

People are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

Answer 6

Peripheral route persuasion

Question 7

Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Answer 7

Foot in the door phenomenon

Question 8

Set of norms about a social position, defining those in the position ought to behave

Answer 8

Role

Question 9

Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two do our thoughts are inconsistent

Answer 9

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 10

Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 10

Leon Festinger

Question 11

Set up college students or be guards in jail to see if their attitudes change because of their role

Answer 11

Philip Zimbardo

Question 12

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Answer 12

Conformity

Question 13

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Answer 13

Normative social influence

Question 14

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

Answer 14

Informational social influence

Question 15

Experimented on college students about conformity

Answer 15

Solomon Asch

Question 16

Experimented to see how far people will obey even though the other person is expressing pain

Answer 16

Stanley Milgram

Question 17

Stronger responses in simple and well learned tasks in the presence of others

Answer 17

Social facilitation

Question 18

Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal

Answer 18

Social loafing

Question 19

Loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 19

Deindividuation

Question 20

Enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Answer 20

Group polarization

Question 21

Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 21

Groupthink

Question 22

Behaviors, ideas, attitudes shared by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation

Answer 22

Culture

Question 23

Understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 23

Norm

Question 24

Buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Answer 24

Personal space

Question 25

Unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members

Answer 25

Prejudice

Question 26

Generalized belief about a group of people

Answer 26

Stereotype

Question 27

Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members

Answer 27

Discrimination

Question 28

People with whom we share a common identity

Answer 28

Ingroup

Question 29

Those perceived as different or apart from the ingroup

Answer 29

Outgroup

Question 30

Tendency to favor our group

Answer 30

Ingroup bias

Question 31

Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Answer 31

Scapegoat theory

Question 32

Tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than the faces of other races

Answer 32

Other race effect

Question 33

Tendency for people to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Answer 33

Just world phenomenon

Question 34

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Answer 34

Aggression

Question 35

Frustration can create anger which generates aggression

Answer 35

Frustration aggression principle

Question 36

Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Answer 36

Mere exposure effect

Question 37

An aroused state if intense positive absorption in another

Answer 37

Passionate love

Question 38

Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Answer 38

Companionate love

Question 39

People receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Answer 39

Equity

Question 40

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 40

Self disclosure

Question 41

Unselfish regard to the welfare of others

Answer 41

Altruism

Question 42

Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 42

Bystander effect

Question 43

Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Answer 43

Social exchange theory

Question 44

An expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Answer 44

Reciprocity Norm

Question 45

An expectation that people will help those dependent of them

Answer 45

Social responsibility norm

Question 46

Perceived in compatibility of actions, goals or ideas

Answer 46

Conflict

Question 47

Situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest become caught in a mutually destructive behavior

Answer 47

Social trap

Question 48

Each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other as evil and aggressive

Answer 48

Mirror image perceptions

Question 49

Belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Answer 49

Self fulfilling prophecy

Question 50

Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation

Answer 50

Superordinate goals

Question 51

Strategy to decrease international tensions

Answer 51

GRIT

Question 52

Attribute our actions to situational factors but those we are observing to disposiotion

Answer 52

Actor/observer effect

Question 53

Give into social pressure in our public responses but not private belief

Answer 53

Compliance

Question 54

Conflict that results from having to choose between 2 attractive alternatives

Answer 54

Approach-approach

Question 55

Conflict that results from having to choose between 2 distasteful alternatives

Answer 55

Avoidance-avoidance

Question 56

Conflict that results from having to choose between an alternative that has both attractive and unappealing aspects

Answer 56

Approach-avoidance