Unit 14 Flashcards
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social psychology
We explain someone’s behavior by crediting the situation or the persons disposition
Attribution theory
When analyzing behavior, we overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of the situation
Fundamental attribution error
Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Attitude
Interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Central route persuasion
People are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness
Peripheral route persuasion
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Foot in the door phenomenon
Set of norms about a social position, defining those in the position ought to behave
Role
Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two do our thoughts are inconsistent
Cognitive dissonance theory
Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Set up college students or be guards in jail to see if their attitudes change because of their role
Philip Zimbardo
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Conformity
Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Normative social influence
Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality
Informational social influence
Experimented on college students about conformity
Solomon Asch
Experimented to see how far people will obey even though the other person is expressing pain
Stanley Milgram
Stronger responses in simple and well learned tasks in the presence of others
Social facilitation
Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal
Social loafing
Loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Deindividuation
Enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
Group polarization
Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Groupthink
Behaviors, ideas, attitudes shared by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation
Culture
Understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Norm
Buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Personal space
Unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members
Prejudice
Generalized belief about a group of people
Stereotype
Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members
Discrimination
People with whom we share a common identity
Ingroup
Those perceived as different or apart from the ingroup
Outgroup
Tendency to favor our group
Ingroup bias
Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Scapegoat theory
Tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than the faces of other races
Other race effect
Tendency for people to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Just world phenomenon
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
Frustration can create anger which generates aggression
Frustration aggression principle
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Mere exposure effect
An aroused state if intense positive absorption in another
Passionate love
Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Companionate love
People receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Equity
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Self disclosure
Unselfish regard to the welfare of others
Altruism
Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Bystander effect
Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
An expectation that people will help those who have helped them
Reciprocity Norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent of them
Social responsibility norm
Perceived in compatibility of actions, goals or ideas
Conflict
Situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest become caught in a mutually destructive behavior
Social trap
Each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other as evil and aggressive
Mirror image perceptions
Belief that leads to its own fulfillment
Self fulfilling prophecy
Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation
Superordinate goals
Strategy to decrease international tensions
GRIT
Attribute our actions to situational factors but those we are observing to disposiotion
Actor/observer effect
Give into social pressure in our public responses but not private belief
Compliance
Conflict that results from having to choose between 2 attractive alternatives
Approach-approach
Conflict that results from having to choose between 2 distasteful alternatives
Avoidance-avoidance
Conflict that results from having to choose between an alternative that has both attractive and unappealing aspects
Approach-avoidance
